First report of Wolbachia from field populations of Culex mosquitoes in south-western Nigeria

Recent reports on finding Wolbachia-strain infections in field mosquito species in some West African countries and the potential for developing these as disease vector biocontrol tools have prompted a search for Wolbachia in mosquitoes within the study area. Using a completely randomised design, mosquito traps were set at different locations in a rural and an urbanised community. One hundred and eighty (180) mosquitoes were trapped and pooled on the basis of genus, sex and site of collection, because there have been no earlier reports of Wolbachia isolated from Nigeria. Twenty pools, made up of not more than ten mosquitoes per pool, were homogenised and analysed for Wolbachia-specific DNA. Mosquitoes were trapped within Ede (urbanised community) and Akoda (rural community). Genomic DNA was extracted from trapped mosquito samples and used as a template in a PCR reaction. The Wolbachia sp. specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequence analysis of PCR products was performed and a chromatogram of the sequence was subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis to identify the Wolbachia sp. This sequence was subsequently submitted to GenBank with accession number MK127541. The first evidence of the presence of the endosymbiont, Wolbachia in field-caught mosquitoes is hereby documented. The homology of this strain of Wolbachia bears similarities to those reported recently from other parts of West Africa and forms a single clade with a Wolbachia sp. from Mali, with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. This finding of a Wolbachia strain in mosquitoes at Ede could form the basis for more searches for diverse strains of Wolbachia in Nigeria.     

两步扩增法在玉米抗大斑病相关基因片段分离中的应用

对一步扩增法和两步扩增法在DDRT-PCR中的扩增效率进行了比较,结果发现,两种方法得到的片段大小都在150~1500 bp之间,但条带数量和清晰度不同。一步扩增法得到的扩增条带为30~45 条,条带较模糊,两步扩增法得到的扩增条带为40~60条,条带清晰。一步扩增法获得102 条玉米抗大斑病差异表达条带,只有55条带中的cDNA能够成功回收并产生有效扩增,差异条带回收率为53 9%,而两步扩增法获得了148条差异条带,其中138条带都能得到有效回收和扩增,回收率达93 2%。因此,两步扩增法更有利于差异条带的回收和二次扩增。     

基于转录组测序的花椒属物种EST-SSR标记开发

【目的】开发适用于花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)和竹叶花椒(Zanthoxylum armatum)的EST-SSR引物,为花椒属物种的鉴定及遗传多样性探究提供分子标记。【方法】对花椒和竹叶花椒分别进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),基于得到的EST序列开发SSR引物。在2种花椒的EST-SSR引物中分别随机挑选60对引物,用12份材料(4份花椒和8份竹叶花椒)为样本,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳验证其特异性。从有特异性条带的引物中,再随机选取花椒和竹叶花椒SSR引物各15对,选取6个(2份花椒和4份竹叶花椒)样本,利用聚丙烯酰胺银染电泳进行多态性检测。【结果】花椒共有64 944条Unigene,碱基对长度共54 073 890bp,含有12 746个SSR位点,分布在10 595条Unigene上,SSR位点出现频率为19.63%,平均分布距离4.24kb。竹叶花椒Unigene共75 669条,碱基对长度58 975 053bp,共15 096个SSR位点,分布在12 612条Unigene上。SSR位点出现频率为19.95%,平均分布距离为3.91kb。60对花椒引物中,有46对成功扩增出特异性条带,扩增效率76.67%;60对竹叶花椒引物中,有41对扩增出特异性条带,扩增效率68.33%。花椒和竹叶花椒的特异性条带大小在100～300bp,主要集中在150～250bp。多态性验证试验中,15对花椒引物中有12对产生了多态性条带,多态率80.00%;15对竹叶花椒引物中则有14对产生了多态性条带,多态率93.33%。【结论】基于花椒和竹叶花椒转录组高通量测序结果开发的EST-SSR分子标记引物,具有较明显的特异性和多态性。     

甘蓝型油菜花序长发夹ｌｈＲＮＡｉ文库的构建

异源四倍体油菜含有大量多拷贝基因及冗余基因,难以通过T-DNA插入、物理及化学诱变等常规突变体库创制方法发掘功能基因。为开发适应于油菜的简单高效的突变体库创制方法,本研究通过滚环复制方法构建了甘蓝型油菜的花序lhRNAi文库,并对这种新型的干扰文库进行质量评估;然后将该花序lhRNAi文库对甘蓝型油菜进行遗传转化,获得763株T0植株,从中鉴定分离出74株具有可见表型变异的花发育相关突变体,包括花瓣减少、形状异常,柱头卷曲,雄蕊退化萎缩,雄性不育（不能产生花粉）、死蕾或花蕾闭合等。说明通过滚环复制介导的lihRNAi文库的构建方法可以成功应用到油菜中,这将为油菜花序发育相关基因功能的研究提供重要的研究平台。     

番茄黄化曲叶病毒安徽分离物的基因组结构特征及变异分析

利用滚环扩增（RCA）技术从安徽淮北番茄温室表现曲叶症状的番茄上获得番茄黄化曲叶病毒（tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV）的2个分离物全基因组。 2个TYLCV DNA-A核苷酸序列全长均为2 781 nts,共编码6个ORF。序列比对结果表明,2个TYLCV安徽分离物DNA-A核苷酸序列同源性为99.7%,与已报道的国内外其他24个TYLCV各分离物同源性高达97.8% ~ 99.9%。系统进化分析显示,TYLCV安徽分离物与来自吉林、沈阳、天津、邯郸和山东的5个TYLCV分离物亲缘关系最近。     

生鲜牛乳中产肠毒素大肠埃希菌环介导等温扩增技术的建立与应用

为了快速检测生鲜牛乳中的产肠毒素大肠埃希菌(enterotoxigenic E.coli,ETEC),防止食源性产肠毒素大肠埃希菌给人类造成的危害,建立快速检测不耐热型产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的环介导等温扩增方法(LAMP)。敏感性和特异性试验结果表明,该方法敏感性高,特异性强,能够从生鲜牛乳中检测到1pg产肠毒素大肠埃希菌DNA,与其他型大肠埃希菌及细菌不发生交叉反应。利用建立的LAMP技术对来自西宁市奶牛场及自由市场的21份生鲜牛乳样品进行检测,6份样品呈阳性,阳性检出率为28.6%,从分子水平为生鲜牛乳中产肠毒素大肠埃希菌的检测提供了一种快速、准确的手段,对保障生鲜牛乳的食品安全有重要意义。     

肝螺杆菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立及初步应用

根据肝螺杆菌fla B基因保守区域设计一组特异性引物,经过条件优化、特异性和敏感性分析,成功建立了肝螺杆菌LAMP快速检测方法。结果显示,建立的LAMP扩增方法仅能检测出肝螺杆菌,其他常见细菌未见特异性扩增。检出肝螺杆菌最低模板量为86.9fg/L,是普通PCR所需模板量的1/10。本研究建立的LAMP快速检测方法具备操作简单、特异性好、灵敏度高的优点,结果易于观察,对仪器设备要求低,适宜推广应用。     

中国樱桃S-RNase基因PCR扩增技术体系的建立

通过对TaqDNA聚合酶、Mg2+、dNTP、通用引物、模板DNA浓度等反应参数的系统研究,建立了中国樱桃S-RNase基因特异PCR扩增体系。该体系反应的总体积25μL,其中Taq酶1.25U,MgCl22.5mmol/L,dNTP0.15mmol/L,通用引物0.25μmol/L,模板DNA 50 ng。反应程序为:94℃预变性3 min;33个循环的94℃变性1 min,56℃退火45 s,72℃延伸1.5 min;最后72℃延伸10 min。利用优化的扩增体系在中国樱桃的不同品种中获得有效扩增,进一步证明了该体系具有良好的稳定性和重复性。     

DNA amplification fingerprinting and marker screening for pseudo-testcross mapping of flowering dogwood ( Cornus florida L.)

DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers was used to study genetic relationships between cultivars of flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.), evaluate extent of plant hybridization, and generate markers in pseudo-testcross mapping at the intraspecific level. Modified Taguchi optimization methods defined a robust DAF system based on high annealing temperature (48–52 °C) and primer concentration (typically 8 μM) that was used to study genetic diversity of representative dogwood cultivars and hybrids. Phenetic analysis using cluster and numerical methods showed that: (1) cultivars were relatively conserved at the genetic level; (2) their hybridization could be identified in the F1 progeny in the absence of phenotypic or physiological markers; (3) several cultivars grouped according to their recorded ancestry; and (4) dogwood anthracnose-resistant lines originally selected in Catoctin Mountain Park (Maryland) grouped separately from those of southern origin. The DAF protocol was also tested in pseudo-testcross mapping of dogwood at the intraspecific level. A preliminary screening of parents ‘Pink Sachet’ and ‘Fragrant Cloud’ and 7 F1 segregants with 22 octamer primers produced 703 amplified loci, 30 and 39 of which were male and female markers segregating at 1:1 ratios with 98.6% confidence levels in pseudo-testcross configuration. Overall results show that DAF generated markers very efficiently (3 per primer) despite the close relatedness of parental dogwood cultivars. This study constitutes the basis for a future genetic linkage mapping and marker-assisted selection (MAS) effort initially targeted to control important fungal diseases in dogwood. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.