白蜡属SSR-PCR反应体系优化及引物筛选

本研究建立了适合白蜡SSR-PCR反应的最佳体系,并利用该体系从50对白蜡引物中筛选出了3对条带清晰、多态性好的引物,用于白蜡SSR标记的进一步研究。该研究采用L₁₆(4⁵正交设计和单因素试验对影响白蜡SSR-PCR的Taq聚合酶用量、Mg²⁺浓度、DNA模板浓度、dNTP浓度和引物浓度等5个因素在4水平上进行筛选。优化后的白蜡SSR反应体系为：Mg²⁺ (25 mmol/L) 0.8μL、引物(10μmol/L) 0.2μL、DNTP (10 mmol/L) 0.3μL、Taq酶(5 U/μL) 0.05μL、DNA模板(5~10 ng/μL) 2.00μL、10×PCR缓冲液1.0μL,ddH2O 5.45μL,总体积10.0μL。该结果为今后利用SSR-PCR标记技术研究分析白蜡奠定了基础。     

First isolation of hirame rhabdovirus from freshwater fish in Europe

A rhabdovirus was isolated in cell culture inoculated with tissue material from diseased grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), originating from a fish farm affected by a mortality episode in Poland. Diagnostics tests showed that the virus was not related to novirhabdoviruses known in Europe, nor to vesiculovirus‐like species, except perch rhabdovirus (PRhV) with which it shared moderate serological relations. However, RT‐PCR with PRhV probes gave negative results. To identify the virus, a random‐priming sequence‐independent single primer amplification was adopted. Surprisingly, two of the obtained sequences exhibited a high identity (>99%) with hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV), a novirhabdovirus usually found in fish in marine Asiatic countries, for instance Japan, China and Korea. The full‐length sequence of the phosphoprotein gene (P) demonstrated a higher identity of the present isolate with HIRRV from China compared with the Korean isolate. An identical viral sequence was also found in brown trout, Salmo trutta trutta L., affected by mortalities in a second farm in the same region, after a likely contamination from the grayling farm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of HIRRV in Europe, and in two hosts from fresh water that have not been described before as susceptible species.     

尼罗罗非鱼雌雄鱼肌肉组织差异表达基因的筛选

应用引物退火控制技术(ACP)筛选尼罗罗非鱼雌雄鱼肌肉组织差异表达基因,寻找与雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关的候选基因。本实验从同等条件下养殖的尼罗罗非鱼群体中随机选取雌、雄鱼各5尾组成RNA池,采用引物退火控制技术,分析了两组个体肌肉组织差异表达基因。利用20对随机引物差异显示扩增,共获得8条ESTs,其中5个已知的ESTs分别为转录变体3(LOC100691543)、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK和转录因子Sox4,其余3个为未知的ESTs。实时定量PCR分析各差异表达基因在尼罗罗非鱼雌雄肌肉组织中的表达发现,8个差异表达基因中转录变体3与ACP6-Y在尼罗罗非鱼雄鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01),ACP3-X、60S核糖体蛋白(RL3)、小白蛋白β样蛋白、ACP15-X、肌型肌酸激酶M2-CK与转录因子Sox4在尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼肌肉组织中的表达均极显著高于雄鱼(P0.01)。结果表明,应用引物退火控制技术筛选获得了8个可能参与了雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育调控的ESTs,为进一步筛选雌雄鱼肌肉生长发育相关候选基因奠定了基础。     

基于环介导等温扩增技术检测雪松疫霉根腐病菌

雪松疫霉根腐病菌(Phytophthora lateralis Tucker et Milbrath)是一种重要的毁灭性植物病原菌,也是我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。目前,我国未有该病害发生的报道,为了防止P.lateralis的传入和扩散,需对其进行快速、准确的检测。本文利用环介导等温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),以Ypt1基因为靶标序列,设计LAMP特异性引物,建立LAMP反应体系,并对灵敏度和特异性进行检测。结果表明:整个检测过程仅需80 min,即可通过肉眼观察直接判定检测结果。在特异性检测中,P.lateralis菌株都能观察到天蓝色的阳性反应,而其他疫霉菌和真菌供试菌株均呈阴性反应。在灵敏度检测中,最低检测限为100 pg/μL。该方法的建立为P.lateralis的检疫鉴定及其所致病害的快速诊断提供了新技术。     

Establishment and Application of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

This study was aimed to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and provide a simple, sensitive, accurate and reliable tool for diagnosis of PEDV.The conservative PEDV N gene (GenBank accession number: KT799997) of PEDV was selected as a target to design six specific primers.The reaction system and temperature of LAMP were optimized, and the LAMP method for specific amplification of PEDV was established. Results showed that the PEDV LAMP detection method was established successfully, and it could detect PEDV specifically at 60℃ for 60 min,and the detection limit was 91 copies/μL, which was one hundred-fold higher than conventional RT-PCR method.75 clinical samples were detected by LAMP and PCR, respectively, the coincidence of LAMP and PCR was about 97.3%. All the data suggested that the LAMP assay had strong specificity, high sensitivity, simple operation, low equipment requirement, and was suitable for rapid detection of PEDV clinical samples.     

铁皮石斛EST-SSR分子标记的开发

为了开发铁皮石斛EST-SSR分子标记,利用SSRIT软件对铁皮石斛近缘物种-金钗石斛的15 383条EST序列进行SSR位点查找,利用Primer 5和Oligo 7软件进行引物设计和评价,之后经PCR扩增和琼脂糖凝胶电泳对引物进行初步筛选,并通过聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳对所筛选的引物进行有效性检测。结果表明,SSRIT软件共查找到370条SSR位点序列,共有379个SSR位点,候选SSR位点出现的频率为2.46%。二核苷酸、三核苷酸和六核苷酸重复是最主要的重复类型,分别占41.42%、26.91%和27.44%,其中二核苷酸重复中AG/CT(20.84%)和GA/TC(18.73%)最丰富;三核苷酸重复中TCT/AGA(4.22%)和GA/TC(3.96%)最丰富;而六核苷酸重复基元较多。EST-SSR平均长度为24 bp,平均每8.5条EST序列包含1个SSR位点。设计的106对EST-SSR引物中有50对能扩增出理想的PCR产物,引物有效扩增率为47.17%,其中有43对能够扩增出多态性条带,占可扩增引物的86%。本研究开发的43对引物为铁皮石斛遗传多样性分析、种质鉴定、遗传图谱构建和功能基因研究等提供了重要的参考价值。     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测大西洋鲑的研究

为探究环等温扩增技术(LAMP)在鲑科鱼类物种鉴定方面的应用,以大西洋鲑为研究对象,针对其线粒体CR区段设计特异性的LAMP引物,并通过单因素试验和正交试验研究反应体系中d NTP Mix、Mg~(2+)、甜菜碱终浓度对LAMP扩增结果的影响。结果表明,大西洋鲑LAMP扩增的最优条件为:引物SS-CR-F3/SS-CR-B3各0.2 m M,SS-CR-FIP/SS-CR-BIP各1.6 m M,dNTP Mix 1.4 m M,Mg~(2+)6 m M,甜菜碱0.8M,Bst DNA聚合酶8 U,扩增温度为65℃,反应时间60 min。在此条件下LAMP扩增产物电泳检测特异性强、稳定性好,对大西洋鲑DNA的检出限达0.01 ng·μL~(-1),并可对混合样本进行检测。本研究结果为大西洋鲑快速物种鉴定提供了一种重要技术手段,该技术可应用于鲑科鱼类物种鉴别的日常检验检疫和市场监管工作中。     

基于毛细管电泳的日本落叶松MSAP反应体系的建立

[目的]建立基于毛细管电泳的日本落叶松最佳MSAP反应体系,获得条带清晰,信号强度均一的DNA甲基化图谱,为今后开展日本落叶松表观遗传变异研究奠定基础。[方法]以日本落叶松未成熟木质部为试材,设置不同梯度的DNA模板用量以及选择扩增体系中引物浓度、Mg~(2+)浓度、dNTP浓度和exTaq DNA聚合酶浓度,确定各组分不同用量对毛细管电泳效果的影响,从而确立最适的MSAP反应体系。[结果]结果表明模板DNA以及exTaq DNA聚合酶浓度对毛细管电泳结果影响不明显,而高的引物浓度会引起条带的减少。Mg~(2+)及dNTP浓度是影响毛细管电泳结果最为关键的因素,浓度过低或过高会导致毛细管电泳图谱条带明显减少,杂峰显著增多。[结论]最终确立的反应体系为:DNA模板100 ng,引物0.75 pmol·μL~(-1),Mg~(2+)2 mmol·L~(-1),dNTP 0.375 mmol·L~(-1)和exTaq DNA聚合酶0.05 U·μL~(-1)。