河南省林业企业全要素生产率的测定

河南省林业企业主要分布于第一产业、第二产业,利用生产函数和索洛增长速度方程法来测算科技对林业企业贡献大小。经测算,河南省林业企业2000-2004年平均全要素生产率为11.74%。科技对河南省林业企业发展贡献较低。     

Spatial distribution of soil carbon and nitrogen storage and forest productivity in a watershed planted to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don)

Digital terrain modeling was used to evaluate landscape-level spatial variation of soil C and N storage and site productivity in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) stands. Soil C and N storage were measured in samples from surface soils (0–25 cm depth) of 29 Japanese cedar stands in the 205-ha Myougodani watershed, Toyama Prefecture. The site index (C. japonica tree height at age 40 years) was used as a measure of forest productivity. Seven terrain attributes (elevation, slope gradient, aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature, openness, and wetness index) were calculated from a digital elevation model. Soil C and N storage were negatively correlated with slope gradient and positively correlated with openness. Variation in the site index was closely related to the wetness index. The prediction models using terrain attributes as explanatory variables explained 50% of the variability in soil C storage, 53% of the variability in soil N storage, and 75% of the variability in site index. This result demonstrated that this technique is useful for estimating the spatial distribution of soil properties and productivity in forest landscapes. On the other hand, there was no correlation between site index and soil C and N storage. Use of the prediction models in a geographic information system revealed that the spatial distribution of forest productivity differed considerably from those of soil C and N storage.     

思茅松树脂道数量与产脂力回归关系研究

对35个思茅松高产脂嫁接无性系的树脂道个数进行测定,并对其与产脂力的关系进行回归分析。结果表明:树脂道个数与产脂力的相关关系较为紧密,经过对18个回归方程的拟合,得出树脂道个数与产脂力的最佳回归方程为:y=a+becx。     

Comparison of two coniferous plantations in central Japan with respect to forest productivity, growth phenology and soil nitrogen dynamics

Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) are common species for plantation forestry in Japan. Cypress is conventionally planted on sites of low fertility whereas for cedar high fertility sites are used. Objectives of this study were to compare the productivities of cypress and cedar plantations grown on adjacent sites where common properties of soils, such as pH values and C and N contents, were similar, and to relate the N cycling at their site with productivities. The stem diameter of trees, aboveground litter production and fine root biomass were measured as indices of forest productivity. Parameters of N cycling included pools of total N and mineral N (ammonium + nitrate), annual N leaching, and potentially mineralizable N. The radial stem increment of the two tree species was similar. However, cedar site had higher total basal area and annual basal increment than cypress site reflecting higher tree density on the cedar site. Aboveground litter, fine root biomass, soil organic matter, and N turnover were higher on the cedar site than on the cypress site. However, litter production and fine root biomass per unit basal area was greater at the cypress site. Phenological pattern of stem growth and periodical litter production were similar for both species during the study period (1992–2000), but showed distinct annual variations caused by the fluctuation in the ambient temperature and precipitation. Mineral N content and the N mineralization potential were greater on the cedar site, indicating greater N availability and higher total tree productivity at the cedar site than those at the cypress site. When provided with more space in the canopy to expand more needles and in the soil to develop more fine roots to exploit sufficient resources, the individual cypress trees have the potential to grow faster. On fertile site and at lower tree density, thicker logs of cypress might be yielded.     

木荷芽苗切根移栽育苗技术

木荷是我省造林的主要阔叶树种，木荷芽苗地奶移栽可使苗木粗壮，均匀，侧须、根发达；有利造林成活和林木速生丰产。     

新栽培区尾叶桉人工林的生物量和生产力

采用收获法和相对生长法对田林县不同年龄尾叶桉人工林的生物量和生产力进行了研究.结果表明:尾叶桉林分生物量随着年龄的增长而增加,0.4年生林分生物量为6.18 t/hm2,2.4年生林分为32.09 t/hm2,4.4年生林分为80.59 t/hm2;不同年龄林分的净生产量分别是14.82 t/(hm2.a)(0.4年)、13.02 t/(hm2.a)(2.4年)和19.90 t/(hm2.a)(4.4年);不同林分尾叶桉各器官生物量分配存在较大差异,在林分生长初期,以枝条和叶所占比例较高,干材比例较小,随着林分年龄的增长,干材和根的比例明显增大,叶的比例有所下降;不同年龄林分各器官生物量分配的大小顺序为:0.4年生林分为枝(37.54%)>叶(31.38%)>干材(14.77%)>根系(11.69%)>皮(4.62%),2.4年生林分为干材(50.83%)>根(18.43%)>枝(12.32%)>皮(10.22%)>叶(8.20%),4.4年生林分为干材(47.29%)>枝(18.42%)>根(14.73%)>叶(10.80%)>皮(8.75%);造林后第2年林分的平均枯梢率为84.62%,第3年为63.46%,枯长率分别为21.64%和27.15%.田林县尾叶桉具有较高的生物生产力,但林木干材比例偏低、枝和叶比例偏高以及枯梢严重等影响着林分的生长量和经济产量.     

杨树人工林连作地力维持技术的探讨

利用田间试验方法，对山东省莒县沭河流域杨树多代经营人工林产区不同林地间作农作物、林地抽沙换土、杨树人工林品种间轮作等措施对杨树人工林多代连作地力维持效果进行研究。结果表明：抽沙换土有利于胸径和树高生长，土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和微量元素Cu、Zn、Mn的含量增加，土壤脲酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性和土壤微生物总量增加，其中真菌、细菌、放线菌分别增长了1．55倍、2．05倍和1．24倍；主伐更新更换不同品种以后，土壤有机质、土壤速效氮和速效钾含量3年保持增长，土壤脲酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶活性增加，土壤微生物总量提高，其中真菌、细菌、放线菌分别增长了3．18～23．91倍、3．40～28．71倍和0．71～2．80倍；林地间作有利于提高土壤有机质、速效磷、速效钾和微量元素Fe、Mn含量，土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量增加，其中真菌、细菌、放线菌分别增长了1．38～3．39倍、1．28～7．73倍和0．79～3．11倍。间作林地的胸径和树高较对照分别提高了15．25％～37．84％和8．17％～29．12％。     

Light modification in a developing silvopastoral system in the UK: a quantitative analysis

Transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured in eight-year-old silvopastoral stands at three different locations in the UK by using PAR sensors randomly distributed between four adjacent trees planted in a square pattern. Two densities (100 stems.ha^-1 and 400 stems.ha^-1 were compared. The annual carrying capacity (live weight of the animals that a plot supports) was also recorded as an indirect figure of the overall agricultural production of the system. The silvopastoral plots received less radiation than the agricultural plot without trees, the 400 stems.ha^-1 treatment being more shaded than the 100 stems.ha^-1. Over the measurement period, on some special days, a maximum of 30% of the incoming radiation was intercepted on the 400 stem.ha^-1 treatment with the largest trees. The amount of light intercepted was highly correlated with the type of weather and the leaf area development of the trees: the brighter the day and more expanded the leaf area, the higher was the proportion of radiation intercepted by the tree. However, over the measuring period, a small amount of radiation was intercepted by the tree canopies. As a consequence, no differences were observed in the annual carrying capacity. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

油茶林分生物量及生产力的研究

本文对３种不同产量水平的油茶林分生物量和生产力进行了测定和研究。结果表明：产油水平从高到低编号为Ⅲ、Ⅱ、Ⅰ的样地，其林分总生物量分别为７５．７１、４１．５５、３０．４９ｔ／ｈｍ＾２，年平均净生产量分别是５．４９、３．１２、１．１７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２。各样地油茶林分各组分生物量所占比例的排序为干〉根〉枝〉叶〉果〉花。各组分枝叶比，果叶比、非光合与光合部分比值均为Ⅲ号样地最大。     

Improvement and evaluation of the feller-buncher head

The high quality forest machines have recently become very popular in Japan. Many improvements on these machines have been made to fit the Japanese forests. This report describes the improvement and evaluation of the feller-buncher head of the prototype machine: FG-35. This head is mounted on the telescopic and knuckle-boom carrier. The prototype machine was improved to cut the trees, felled down on the ground or felled side ways by the storm as in the Kyushu district. And also the machine was improved so that it could be driven well without crashing the chainsaw-bar by the beginners. The testing operation of this machine carried out in Sumita-chou in Iwate and in Kuzu-chou in Oita. The productivity of the machine can be estimated at about 20 m³/h. The results of the improvement on the machine can be said to be good. A portion of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society (1995).