景电灌区农田防护林衰败及优化模式

景电灌区农田防护林网是景电灌区防护林体系的重要组成部分,通过调查景电灌区农田防护林衰败现状,分析退化原因,提出优化改造模式,为景电灌区农田防护林更新改造从而发挥可持续效益提供技术支撑。结果表明,1)以杨树为主要树种的景电灌区农田防护林网目前呈严重衰败状态,尤其在个人管护的区域,残缺断代现象严重,部分地方甚至基本消失;2)病虫危害,耗水、胁地严重而被砍伐,耕地次生盐渍化导致树木生长不良、枯死,树种单一、结构不合理,管理不到位等是造成农田防护林衰败的主要原因;3)三倍体毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、廊坊(P.langfanggensis)、樟子松(Pinus sylvestris)、刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、鸣山大枣(Jujube minshan)等树种为该地区农田防护林建设的适宜树种,可采用农田防护林杨树优势树种轮换、针叶常绿树种优化改造、生态经济型防护林网营造等模式对景电灌区农田防护林网进行更新改造。农田防护林网的改造,将对完善防护林体系,保障景泰绿洲的安全产生重要意义。     

抗战时期沦陷区文化的特点--奴化思想教育

抗战时期,日本帝国主义为了使文化为侵华战争服务,在沦陷区实施的奴化思想教育,是一种具有欺骗性、侵略性、组织性和高度的垄断性等特点的文化现象.奴化思想教育不仅在精神上摧残中国人民的民族意识,而且在物质上对我国教育硬件设施进行损坏.其实质是日本"兴亚院"文化部进行的一场"教育一体化"的政治阴谋,是一种思想渗透和文化侵略,这种侵略比其政治、经济、军事上的侵略更为疯狂、残暴.     

基于PROSAIL模型的山地草原叶面积指数高光谱反演

【目的】 研究基于PROSAIL模型监测天然草地的动态变化,掌握草地的质量与数量。【方法】 研究使用地物光谱仪连续3年在天山北坡中段的2个山地草原样区采集光谱数据和配套数据,基于PROSAIL模型进行冠层LAI的高光谱反演,重点研究应用不同代价函数、植被种类变化对反演精度的影响。【结果】 多数代价函数反演LAI的决定系数(R²)在0.54~0.55,均方根误差(RMSE)在0.23~0.25,归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)在17~19。在9个来自不同统计类型的代价函数中,常用的RMSE代价函数的反演精度相对不高。将获取的427个样方数据依据种类数分成组,然后用PROSAIL进行LAI反演。种类数越多,RMSE在增大,R²在减少,反演精度越差。但精度的下降幅度不是均匀的,种类数≤2的组和种类数≤3的组之间精度差异最大。【结论】 在利用物理模型反演天然草地的叶面积指数时,不同代价函数获得的反演精度差别比较大;随着植被种类数量的增多,反演的精度是下降的。     

丽江坝区植被覆盖度时空变化驱动力研究

植被覆盖度是表征植被生长状态、生态系统变化的重要参数,对景观格局变化、城乡发展研究有重要意义。为揭示社会经济活动对植被覆盖度时空分布的影响,基于局部加权回归法构建时间序列曲线,以丽江坝区1987、1991、1994、2010、2018年5期Landsat遥感影像为数据源,采用回归趋势与同心圆空间梯度模型获得植被覆盖度时空变化特征,并运用偏最小二乘回归模型进行驱动力分析。结果表明,1987-2018年,研究区的主城区内和村落周边的植被覆盖发生了明显退化;主城区内植被覆盖的地区破碎化程度高于郊区,主城区内中低、中等覆盖度地区的斑块形状逐渐复杂、景观连接度增加,中高、高植被覆盖度地区斑块形状越发规则,高植被覆盖度地区的连接度逐渐降低;主城区及其周边的中低、中等植被覆盖度的斑块分布逐渐密集,中高、高覆盖度的斑块聚集度逐渐降低;日照时数、人口密度、公路客运量、财政收入是丽江坝区植被覆盖度变化的主要驱动力。     

潮汕地区兜兰属植物引种栽培适应性研究

【目的】对适应潮汕地区温室栽培、能健康生长和进行花期调控的兜兰属植物进行筛选。【方法】以报春兜兰、国王兜兰、长瓣兜兰、硬叶兜兰、杏黄兜兰、亨利兜兰、陈莲兜兰、格利兜兰、红旗兜兰、桑德兜兰10个原生种以及圣斯威森兜兰、爱德华王子兜兰、麦克兜兰、红国王兜兰、迎春兜兰、肉饼类兜兰、魔帝类兜兰7个不同类型杂交种为试材进行温室栽培,对各品种生长状况、开花情况、花期、株高、花葶长、花茎、花色、花瓣等主要园艺性状进行观察记录和花品质分析。【结果】所有引种栽培的兜兰均能成活,除硬叶兜兰和爱德华王子兜兰外,15个兜兰种或杂交种已周期性开花,基本能适应当地温室环境栽培;肉饼类兜兰、魔帝类兜兰、麦克兜兰、迎春兜兰综合性状表现良好,通过空调温室能调控花期,适宜潮汕地区温室规模化生产。【结论】在潮汕地区引种栽培的兜兰种类均能成活,种植季节或气候不同可能导致一些品种的数量性状出现差异,且不同种类的生长状态和开花率表现出较大差异。     

高寒地区蓝鳃太阳鱼养殖技术研究

本探讨了蓝鳃太阳鱼（Lepomis macrochirus)在高寒地区的生长成活状况。实验结果表明，在东北地区蓝鳃太阳鱼夏季养殖成活率可以达到85%（单养）和65%（混养），6-8月生长速度较好，混养比单养生长速度快，冰下可以安全越冬。     

气流干燥管计算中的几个问题

气流干燥装置已广泛地应用于鱼类饲料生产的烘干过程,气流干燥管是该类干燥装置中的主要干燥部件。干燥管的设计计算目前尚无一定的方法,不同学者各有已见。国内应用较多的有费道洛夫()法、桐荣良三法,南京化工学院和天津大学也有各自的计算方法。作者自1985年以来先后主持设计或改进设计了路程可调式通用有机物料气流干燥装置、0.5t/h和1t/h复合氨基酸饲料气流干燥装置等多套该类装置,根据设计计算过程中的经验和认识,对干燥管计算中的若干问题进行     

干旱、半干旱区造林密度及其影响因素研究综述

通过对近年来有关造林密度的研究分析,详细阐述了造林密度与水分平衡的关系;造林密度与近自然造林的关系;造林密度与林种的关系。通过对上述影响因素的研究分析,结合干旱、半干旱地区的实际情况,给出该区域小叶锦鸡儿、胡枝子、油松、樟子松、沙地柏、油蒿等几种常见乔灌木树种造林的合理密度范围,为干旱地区造林绿化提供了理论依据。     

A model of seasonal foliage dynamics of the subtropical mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa Griff.growing at the northern limit of its distribution

Background： Progress of forest production in response to the environment requires a quantitative understanding of leaf area development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of seasonal crown foliage in order to understand the productivity of mangroves, which play an important role in the subtropical and tropical coastlines of the world. Method： Crown foliage dynamics of the mangrove Rhizophora styloso were studies to reveal patterns of leaf recruitment, survival and seasonal leaf area growth. Results： Flushing of leaves occurred throughout the year, but both flushing and leaf area growth pattern of leaves varied with season. Maximum flushing occurred in summer, but leaf areas did not differ significantly with season. The half-expansion period is longer, and the intrinsic rate of increase was lower in winter. Summer flushed leaves grew faster at their initial stage and reached their maximum area over a shorter period of time. The difference in temperature and air vapor pressure deficit （VPD） between summer and winter contributed to the present dynamics of foliage patterns. The mean leaf longevity was estimated to be 13.1 month. The crown foliage area was almost stable throughout the year. Conclusions： Homeostatic control of the crown foliage area may be accompanied by the existence of ecophysiological mechanisms in R. stylosa. Integrating crown foliage dynamics into forest models represents an important step towards incorporating physiological mechanisms into the models for predicting growth responses to environmental changes and for understanding the complex responses of tree growth and litter production.     

Developing a dynamic growth model for teak plantations in India

Background： Tectono grandis （teak） is one of the most important tropical timber species occurring naturally in India. Appropriate growth models, based on advanced modeling techniques, are not available but are necessary for the successful management of teak stands in the country. Long-term forest planning requires mathematical models and the principles of Dynamical System Theory provide a solid foundation for these.
Methods： The state-space approach makes it possible to accommodate disturbances and avarying environment. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop a dynamic growth model based on the limited data, consisting of three annual measurements, collected from 22 teak sample plots in Karnataka, Southern India.
Results： A biologically consistent whole-stand growth model has been presented which uses the state-space approach for modelling rates of change of three state-variables viz., dominant height, stems per hectare and stand basal area. Moreover, the model includes a stand volume equation as an output function to estimate this variable at any point in time. Transition functions were fitted separately and simultaneously. Moreover, a continuous autoregressive error structure is also included in the modelling process. For fitting volume equation, generalized method of moments was used to get efficient parameter estimates under heteroscedastic conditions.
Conclusions： A simple model containing few free parameters performed well and is particularly well suited to situations where available data is scarce.