胡瓜钝绥螨研究进展

综述20世纪70年代以来国内外对胡瓜钝绥螨分类地位、分布、生物学特性、大规模饲养和应用的相关研究,为今后应用研究提供科学依据。     

糙米加湿调质对其碾米性能影响的试验研究

该研究以糙米(含水率12.5%)为原料，采用不同加湿量将糙米加湿调质，以降低硬度和脆性。依据不同润糙时间对试样进行碾米加工试验。用SAS软件分析了润糙时间及加湿量对碾米加工的能耗、整精米率影响规律。结果表明糙米在润糙开始后60～90 min，加湿量为1.45%的情况下，碾米加工时可以降低能耗约30％，整精米率提高约10％。因此，采用加湿调质方法可以改善储藏后稻谷碾磨质量，提高精米率、降低能耗。     

密山地区豆类作物田害虫及天敌种类调查

对密山地区经济作物豆类作物田(大豆、绿豆、红小豆、芸豆、鹰嘴豆、黑小豆)害虫和天敌种类的调查结果,初步发现为害豆类害虫有39种,分别属于9目,24科;天敌种类共有10种,分别属于4目,6科。     

大型机房精密空调的选择

机房空调是一种高精度空调,可以控制机房温度、湿度.适用于计算机房、电信机房、服务器机房等,在选择冷源形式时需要参考的内容大致包括:系统投资,系统效能,运营、维护的成本,以及所在地气候条件等.     

不同比例气体对草莓贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为延长草莓贮藏期,开展了草莓气调贮藏保鲜试验。采用3组气体组分(5%±1% O_2,5%±1% CO_2;5%±1% O_2,10%±1% CO_2和5%±1% O_2,15%±1% CO_2)进行气调试验,同时设箱内空气气体组分和箱外空气环境为对照,在经过18 d贮藏后对草莓进行感官评价,并测定其失重率、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、pH值、腐烂指数等指标。结果表明:适宜比例气体组分气调包装可有效地延缓感官评价分值的降低、硬度的下降以及pH值的降低,在(2.5±1)℃条件下贮藏草莓以5% O_2+10% CO_2气体组分最为适宜。     

捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统研究进展与展望

现代集约化农业生产对生态环境的影响逐渐加剧,促使形成单一化农业景观、丧失生物多样性,易引起害虫大暴发。随着我国现代农业发展战略布局与要求,对农业绿色安全生产和食品环境安全的关注度日益增加,环境友好、绿色高效的害虫管理技术的需求越来越强烈。天敌昆虫作为生物防治的重要组成部分,在生态安全和可持续农业中发挥着重要的作用。但传统的淹没式释放天敌的方式存在成本高、时效性和持效性较差的问题。如何有效的增殖保护田间天敌昆虫,提高天敌控害效率一直是生物防治的关键。储蓄植物系统（banker plant system）又称载体植物系统,其具有预防性引入天敌、并有助于天敌种群维持,实现可持续控害等优点,是较为成功的保护型生物防治技术,被越来越多用于农业有害生物综合治理中改善天敌生存条件,发挥对其的涵养和增殖作用。近年来相关研究发展迅速,在比利时、德国、法国、日本、美国和加拿大等国家已形成了商品产业化,得到了广泛推广应用。但由于地理气候和农业设施等方面差异,国外已报道或构建的储蓄植物系统并不适于直接在我国应用。目前国内的研究虽然起步较晚,但已到了快速发展期,必将具有广阔的发展前景。本文综合分析了国内外相关技术研究概况,就实现捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统最佳控害功能进行探讨,提出要认真筛选组成因素,明确储蓄植物、替代食物和有益生物三者之间的关系并优化各个因素的水平,而且还要充分考虑应用策略,重视田间应用效果评价,从而进一步完善储蓄植物系统技术。此外,还展望了该领域的发展方向,因地制宜地开发适合国内害虫防治的捕食性天敌储蓄植物系统,必将推动捕食性天敌产品的广泛应用及产业化发展。     

污泥调理技术发展与研究

污泥脱水是污泥处理与处置前必不可少的步骤,而污泥调理是污泥脱水工艺中的重要环节,其主要作用是改善污泥的沉降性能和脱水性能,提高后续设备对污泥的脱水效率。该文主要介绍了化学、生物、物理和联合4种调理技术对污泥脱水性能的影响及其各自的优缺点,并通过比较各种调理技术,展望了今后污泥脱水过程中调理技术的发展方向。     

Effects of varying conditioning temperature and mixer-added fat on feed manufacturing efficiency, 28- to 42-day broiler performance,early skeletal effect,and true amino acid digestibility

Three experiments (EXP) were conducted with the objective of evaluating the effects of varying steam conditioning temperatures (CT) and mixer-added fat (MAF) on a practical broiler finisher diet on feed manufacture variables (EXP 1), 28- to 42-d broiler performance (EXP 2), and early skeletal effect using 3-to 21-d broiler performance and tibiae ash measurements and true amino acid digestibility using cecectomized roosters (EXP 3). For all EXP, we used a 3 CT (74, 85, or 96°C) by 2 MAF (low or high) factorial arrangement, resulting in 6 experimental diets. Prior to EXP 2 and 3, all diets were ground to a common crumble size. In EXP 1, increasing both CT and MAF decreased relative electrical energy use at the pellet mill. In EXP 2, feeding finisher diets manufactured utilizing increased CT and decreased MAF to broilers from 28 to 42 d resulted in increased FCR. Also, CT by MAF interactions demonstrated the highest BW gain when birds were fed diets with high MAF, conditioned at 85°C. In EXP 3, feeding diets manufactured in EXP 1 to broilers from 3 to 21 d resulted in no significant effects on live performance variables. However, a significant CT by MAF interaction was observed, where chicks fed diets using low MAF conditioned at 85 and 96°C resulted in incrementally increased percent tibia ash over those with high MAF. In addition, based on true amino acid digestibility data, altering MAF and especially CT can affect the digestibility of several amino acids.     

Otters and Anglers Can Share the Stream! The Role of Social Science in Dissuading Negative Messaging About Reintroduced Predators

The reintroduction of mammalian predators often has been met with controversy among citizens near reintroduction sites primarily because of concern for predation of livestock, pets, and game species. The river otter (Lontra canadensis) is an example of a predator widely reintroduced in the United States that has in some cases been negatively depicted in the media because of its predatory habits (i.e., fish eating). The reintroduction of river otters in Missouri, Ohio, Kentucky, and Illinois was followed by negative media messages pertaining to otters preying on fish. In contrast, the reintroduction of river otters in Pennsylvania (PA) was accompanied by positive media portrayals and overwhelming public support. This opinion piece reviews factors that likely contributed to public acceptance of river otter reintroduction in PA, emphasizing the importance of applying social science theories and methodologies as a basis for determining and accurately depicting public attitudes toward the reintroduction of mammalian predators.     

水稻细菌性条斑病发生流行条件的初步研究

证实上年/上季病种和病草为初侵染源.查明湖南省早、晚稻该病发生发展的病情.早稻发病轻于晚稻.在35℃/40℃条件下,病害潜育期最短.系统调查杂交晚稻威优6号的病情发展,逐步回归分析气象因子对流行速率的影响.发现日平均温度是主导因素.测定2153个品种(系)的抗病性.呈抗病反应的仅32个(占1·4%),Dular,BJ1等表现高抗.大面积种植的品种均呈不同程度的威病性,其中尤以杂交稻发病最重.水稻分蘖至孕穗期最感病.种植密度大和增施氮肥病情加重.深水灌溉田发病重于浅水灌溉田,湿润灌溉田发病轻.对该病的综合防治提出了建议.