烟粉虱捕食性天敌研究进展

烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)是广泛分布于世界各地的一种多食性重要昆虫。近年来在我国南北方已对农作物、蔬菜和园艺植物等造成严重的危害。利用天敌开展烟粉虱的生物防治已成为国内外研究的重点之一。本文就烟粉虱的捕食性天敌种类、生物学生态学特性、优势种天敌的引进与商品化生产以及田间释放和应用等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

转Bt基因作物对植物—害虫—天敌食物链的影响

种植转Bt基因作物已经成为当前及未来农业的发展趋势。转Bt基因作物可以有效控制棉铃虫（〖WTBX〗Helicoverpa armigera〖WTBZ〗）、玉米螟（〖WTBX〗Ostrinia furnacalis〖WTBZ〗）等多种靶标害虫。但研究表明Bt作物的种植会改变害虫演化地位,并且Bt毒素可能沿着食物链传递,而对天敌构成潜在的威胁。基于Bt作物对植物—害虫—天敌食物链上各个营养级的影响研究,本文重点分析了Bt毒素对天敌种群结构及生物学的影响。     

转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻赣绿1号对田间稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟及其捕食性天敌的影响

为研究转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻赣绿1号对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis和二化螟Chilo suppressalis及其捕食性天敌的影响,采用剥查法和吸虫法,于2012—2013年在江西省南昌县调查了赣绿1号田间稻纵卷叶螟与二化螟的发生为害情况及其捕食性天敌拟环纹豹蛛Pardosa pseudoannulata和拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraricus的种群动态。结果表明,与非转基因亲本9311水稻相比,在2012和2013年螟虫为害高峰期,赣绿1号田间稻纵卷叶螟百株虫量分别减少57.78头和27.78头,卷叶率分别降低20.46%和6.50%;二化螟百株虫量分别减少24.44头和152.22头,枯心/白穗率分别降低13.02%和14.20%。此外,赣绿1号与9311水稻田间拟环纹豹蛛和拟水狼蛛的种群动态趋势基本一致。研究表明,转cry1Ab/cry1Ac基因水稻赣绿1号能有效控制稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟,而对其捕食性天敌拟环纹豹蛛和拟水狼蛛无显著影响。     

空调冷媒的安全性分析

本文对空调冷媒的毒性及对人体的危害进行了分析，并阐述了应如何保证其安全性。     

Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakes

Nasmith LE, Tonn WM, Paszkowski CA, Scrimgeour GJ. Effects of stocked trout on native fish communities in boreal foothills lakes.
Ecology of Freshwater Fish 2010: 19: 279–289. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Ecological effects of stocking nonnative trout into lakes are receiving increased attention, especially in alpine environments. We assessed effects of stocked trout on native forage fishes in the boreal foothills of Alberta (Canada) by comparing fish density, population size structure and spatial and temporal activities in stocked and unstocked lakes over 3 years (2005–2007). The numerically dominant dace (primarily Phoxinus spp.) were larger in stocked lakes, consistent with size‐limited predation. Dace were also more crepuscular and concentrated on the lake‐bottom in stocked lakes, compared to more daytime activity in the water column in unstocked lakes. There were, however, no demonstrable effects of trout on the abundance of forage fish. The lack of major population‐level impacts of stocked trout suggests that current stocking practices, characteristics of boreal foothill lakes (e.g. thermal structure, abundant invertebrates, dense macrophytes) and/or behavioural adjustments of forage fish contribute to healthy native fish populations in our stocked lakes.     

Expression of ROP/RAC GTPase genes in postharvest loquat fruit in association with senescence and cold regulated lignification

ROP/RAC GTPases regulate various development processes and play important roles in plant defense responses. Recently, lignification or secondary cell wall formation related ROP members were reported in rice, zinnia, cotton and Eucalyptus. The present study aimed to investigate the possible association of loquat ROPs with flesh lignification under different temperatures. Four ROP cDNA fragments, EjROP1.1, EjROP1.2, EjROP2 and EjROP3, were isolated from ‘Luoyangqing’ (LYQ) loquat fruit, and all of them shared over 80% nucleotide identity with known ROPs from other plants. Sequence analysis revealed that EjROP1.1, EjROP2 and EjROP3 might be functional while EjROP1.2, with mutated C-terminal resulted from a 65 bp deletion in the corresponding nucleotide sequence as compared with EjROP1.1, might be dominant-negative and consequently act as a negative regulator of ROP signal transduction. Increase in expression of EjROP1.1, EjROP2 and EjROP3 was observed during first 4 or 6 d of storage at 20 °C and was positively correlated with the increase in flesh firmness. Expression of EjROP1.2 was constantly low under 20 °C but was quickly, within 6 h, induced under 0 °C, and it increased by about 20 times within 24 h. The expression was induced under 5 °C as well but not so strong as that under 0 °C, and transfer of fruit from 5 °C to 0 °C re-stimulated the expression. The possible roles of EjROPs played during senescence and cold regulated lignification was discussed, and the simultaneous increase in the expression of three functional EjROPs and the negative regulator EjROP1.2 was suggested to be important for maintaining a ROP rheostat to protect cells from excessive lignification. To our knowledge, this is the first study on a dominant-negative ROP resulted from a deletion mutation, and a ROP responded to low temperature.     

糙米加湿调质参数对籽粒抗压强度的影响

糙米加湿调质的主要目的是降低碾白能耗、提高整精米率,而糙米的力学强度影响碾米能耗和碎米的发生。为了研究加湿调质处理对糙米力学性能的影响,采用三因素五水平二次旋转正交组合试验设计,建立糙米籽粒挤压破坏力的数学模型,分析各参数对挤压破坏力的影响规律。结果表明,糙米加湿调质的3个参数对糙米籽粒挤压破坏力的影响均接近线性变化,加湿调质处理降低了糙米籽粒的抗压强度。     

七星瓢虫的研究进展

从七星瓢虫的生活习性、人工饲养及饲料、捕食功能反应、天敌及抗药性的研究等几个方面对其进行了综述,并对七星瓢虫的重要习性、生物防治、农药的选择性等方面进行了归纳分析,为充分利用自然天敌防治害虫提供理论依据。     

卜氏晶囊轮虫对4种臂尾轮虫形态可塑性的影响

在实验室内研究了4种臂尾轮虫Brachionus（萼花臂尾轮虫B．calyciflorus、十指臂尾轮虫B．patulus、壶状臂尾轮虫且urceolaris和方形臂尾轮虫B．quadridentatus）的形态对捕食性卜氏晶囊轮虫Asplanchna brightwellii的可塑性反应,并讨论了轮虫形态可塑性的进化生态学意义。结果表明,培养于晶囊轮虫培养过滤液中的臂尾轮虫形态发生明显的改变,表现轮虫的被甲棘刺显著增长,而轮虫的被甲长和被甲宽没有明显的变化。     

空调清洗行业现状分析及发展对策探讨

指出了空调运行与管理的不当可能造成室内空气的二次污染，探讨了空调系统可能产生的污染物，借鉴国外成熟空调清洗业的发展经验，分析了我国空调清洗存在的一些问题，针对我国空调清洗业的发展提出了相应的对策。