区域层面发展循环经济的挑战和路径选择——以安徽省为例

阐述了区域发展循环经济的基础和契机,以安徽省为例分析了发展循环经济面临资源制约和环境压力加大、配套政策法制体系有待进一步完善和贯彻落实、循环经济指标尚未纳入政绩考核、循环经济技术支撑基础依然亟需加强等挑战,提出以任务和目标明确循环经济发展的方向、以重点领域作为循环经济发展的载体、以重点工程作为发展循环经济的手段、以制度建设作为循环经济发展的保障等路径。     

数字存储示波器特性及其应用

数字存储示波器是采用数字电路进行模/数转换,并通过存储器实现对触发前信号的记忆功能的一种具备存储功能新型示波器;此文尝试在分析数字存储示波器的原理和特性的基础上,对其在工程应用中应注意的问题进行分析。     

Conservation policies and planning under climate change

Biodiversity conservation policies focus on securing the survival of species and habitats according to their current distribution. This basic premise may be inappropriate for halting biodiversity decline under the dynamic changes caused by climate change. This study explores a dynamic spatial conservation prioritization problem where climate change gradually changes the future habitat suitability of a site’ current species. This has implications for survival probability, as well as for species that potentially immigrate to the site. The problem is explored using a set of heuristics for both of two policy objectives focusing on (1) the protection on current (native) species, and (2) all species, including immigrating species. The trade-offs between the protection of native species versus all species is illustrated. The study shows that the development of prediction models of future species distributions as the basis of decision rules can be crucial for ensuring the effectiveness of conservation plans. Finally, it is discussed how more adaptive strategies, that allow for the redirection of resources from protected sites to privately-owned sites, may increase the effectiveness of the conservation networks. Climate change induced shifts in the suitability of habitats for species may increase the value of such adaptive strategies, the benefit decreasing with increasing migration probabilities and species distribution dynamics.     

长牡蛎3代人工选育群体的微卫星分析

进行群体选育时,因近交机率增加和有效亲本数的减少,可能导致选育群体的遗传多样性下降,进而引起选育群体的性状衰退。为监测长牡蛎人工选育群体在选育过程中的遗传差异,实验应用微卫星DNA标记对长牡蛎野生和人工3代选育群体及其基础群体的遗传多样性进行了研究。微卫星10个位点在所有群体中均表现出较高的多态性,6个群体的平均等位基因数范围为24.0～29.7个,期望和观测杂合度分别为0.925～0.956和0.724～0.809。与野生群体和基础群体相比,长牡蛎选育3代群体的平均等位基因数和等位基因丰富度略有下降,但杂合度水平未发生明显变化。哈迪—温伯格平衡(HWE)检验结果显示,60个群体—位点组合中47个群体—位点组合显著偏离HWE平衡(P<0.05)。Fis指数均为正值,平均范围0.152～0.233,表明各群体在10个位点上表现为一定程度的杂合子缺失。各群体间Fst值的范围为0.008～0.025,遗传分化程度较弱。结果表明,连续3代的人工选育尚未明显降低长牡蛎群体的遗传多样性,仍可以一定的选择压力对选育群体进行人工选育,从而保证长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到持续提高。     

漳平不同产地毛竹造林试验研究

收集7个不同产地的母竹,进行移栽母竹试验,经过5 a观察不同产地毛竹的物候期、发笋成竹规律,应用数量遗传学和统计学原理,综合评选出4个优良母竹产地。     

俄罗斯沙棘优良品种引种试验研究

“三北”地区和黄土高原是中国沙棘亚种的分布中心,现已有大面积人工沙棘林,但其果小、刺多,产果量低,采果难。为此,作者于1997－2006年承担水利部“948”沙棘引进项目,以解决该地区沙棘优良品种缺乏问题。通过8年试验研究,引进俄罗斯大果无刺沙棘优良品种、类型40余种,分别在“三北”和黄土高原地区的7个主要试验基地进行引种试验,从中初步筛选出效果较好的9个优良品种、类型。它们生长发育良好,抗性较强,具高产、优质特性,并已开始利用引进的俄罗斯沙棘与当地中国沙棘杂交,培育出第一代杂交种。在引种选育和对俄罗斯沙棘生物生态学特性进行试验研究的基础上,对其良种的集约栽培和繁育做了试验和示范推广工作,产生了良好的生态、经济效益。通过本项目实施,为做好沙棘引种选育工作提供了良种,这对大面积建造高产、优质人工沙棘林和沙棘果园,加速黄土高原和“三北”地区的环境治理、发展地方经济具重要意义。     

湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区果子狸秋冬季栖息地选择

2006年6月～2007年3月,在湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区内,应用选择系数、选择指数、判别分析,对果子狸在秋冬季节栖息地的选择和利用进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,秋季与冬季果子狸对栖息地的选择有差异性。秋季在低海拔地区有较多林木果实、藤本果实成熟,不需要消耗太多能量即可满足自身需要。冬季气温下降,果子狸较喜欢选择海拔较高的阳坡活动,以获取更多热量。     

海底管道起吊时最佳吊点位置的选择

针对海洋管道的施工情况，提出了确定管中应力和吊点位置选择的两个问题。根据材料强度，认为起吊引 的管中应力不宜超过许用应力。为此，分析管子起吊的受力和变形，是选择海洋管道最佳起吊位置的保证。利用材料力学方法对此问题进行了分析。在应力分析中，研究了集中载荷单独作用、均布载荷单独作用端口位移条件等问题，并给出了相应计算公式；对于最佳吊点位置，除给出计算公式外，还以曲线形式给出了管中最大应力、悬空长度和提     

居住小区绿化施工及绿化植物选择原则

综述了居住小区绿化的施工原则、绿化植物选择原则等,以期为居住小区的绿化提供参考。     

Sperm competition and the evolution of sperm form and function in mammals

Sperm competition is a powerful selective force that has influenced many reproductive traits in males and females although additional evolutionary explanations may help to understand the diversity of mammalian reproduction. Sperm morphology varies considerably in mammals with extreme examples in several rodent lineages in which a wide range of sizes and complex head morphologies have been identified. Mammalian spermatozoa also differ in function, with swimming velocity and trajectory showing much divergence. Underlying processes mediating function have received little attention so far, but differences in timing and proportion of sperm undergoing capacitation or acrosomal exocytosis may be related to variation in signalling processes. Furthermore, energy required for sperm functions (such as motion, signalling and overall maintenance of cell integrity) can be produced and consumed, following different patterns among species and this could be the result of several selective forces. A more thorough understanding of the diversity in structure and function of sperm cells, and underlying selective forces, may help us develop better methods to assess them taking into account particulars and generalities of sperm form and performance. Such tests could then become more reliable in estimations of the impact of cryopreservation or effect of changes in the environment and their relevance for fertility.