The effects of dietary inulin on growth performances,survival and digestive enzyme activities of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary inulin on growth performance, diet utilization, survival rate, carcass composition and digestive enzymes activities (amylase, lipase and protease) of carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry (0.55 ± 0.02 g). After acclimation, fish were allocated into 9 tanks (40 fish per tank) and triplicate fish groups were fed, control diet (0 g) or diets containing 5 g and 10 g inulin kg^?1 for 7 weeks. No significant effect on growth performance and diet utilization of fish fed inulin compared with the control group was observed. However, supplementation of inulin significantly increased survival rate and carcass lipid content, while carcass protein content significantly decreased. Dietary inulin had no significant effects on digestive lipase, protease and amylase activities.     

异育银鲫“中科三号”对盐度和碳酸盐碱度的耐受性

研究了盐度和碳酸盐碱度对不同规格异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)"中科三号"鱼种的急性和慢性毒性。结果表明,异育银鲫"中科三号"大规格鱼种[L=(8.81±0.62)cm]48、72 h和96 h的盐度半致死浓度分别为15.433、14.352、13.855,盐度安全浓度为4.63;碳酸盐碱度在24、48、72、96 h的半致死浓度分别为73.105、71.861、71.198、70.368 mmol·L-1,碳酸盐碱度的安全浓度为20.33 mmol·L-1。小规格鱼种[L=(1.78±0.12)cm]24、48、72 h和96 h盐度的半致死浓度分别为11.339、11.026、10.653、10.080,盐度安全浓度为2.98;碳酸盐碱度的半致死浓度分别为52.656、51.889、50.378、49.664 mmol·L-1,碳酸盐碱度的安全浓度为13.20 mmol·L-1。大规格"中科三号"鱼种对盐度和碳酸盐碱度的耐受性均比小规格鱼种强;慢性毒性实验中异育银鲫"中科三号"鱼种[L=(3.73±0.12)cm]的特定生长率和相对增重率均随着盐碱浓度的增大而降低。60 d实验后盐度3、5和7组的特定生长率分别为1.14、0.67和0.23,相对增重率分别为98.64、49.24和14.80;碳酸盐碱度7、12和17 mmol·L-1组的特定生长率分别为1.12、0.66和0.29,相对增重率分别为96.06、48.40和19.23。盐度和碳酸盐碱度浓度越强,对异育银鲫"中科三号"鱼种生长的影响越大。     

温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响

本文研究了温度变化对斑点鳟鲑仔鱼存活与生长的影响。结果表明,温度变化对斑点鳟鲑20日龄仔鱼存活与生长有明显的影响,20日龄仔鱼在水温10～26℃范围内均能存活、生长。最适水温为14～22℃,在适温范围内幼鱼具有较高的存活率和生长率,温度过高或过低均对其生长发育有抑制作用,在(18±0.5)℃时生长率达到峰值,为0.93mm/d。     

Long-term changes in the smolt size and age of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in a northern Baltic river related to parr density, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival

Abstract –  The size of wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) smolts in 1972–2004 was studied in relation to parr density, smolt age, growth opportunity and postsmolt survival in the Simojoki River. There was a significant negative regression between the annual mean smolt size and the density of wild >1 year parr in the previous autumn, but not between the annual mean smolt size and age. The density of reared parr released into the river or the growth opportunity, based on the day length and air temperature during the previous summer, did not affect the size of wild smolts. The data on postsmolt survival based on recaptures of Carlin-tagged smolts showed a significant positive relationship ( P  < 0.01) between the survival of postsmolts and the annual size of wild smolts. It is hypothesised that the increased density of wild >1 year parr could have contributed to the decreased smolt size since the 1990s, and the reduced size of wild smolts could be included among the factors resulting in their declined postsmolt survival in the Baltic Sea.     

方斑东风螺对盐度适应性的研究

通过实验生态学的方法,在温度28．2～29．7℃、pH7．6—8．3的条件下,研究了养殖方斑东风螺（Babylonia areolata）的适宜、最适生存盐度及适宜、最适生长盐度,以期为养殖生产提供科学依据。生存临界盐度界定为120h50％死亡的盐度（120hLS50）,其范围为适宜生存盐度;生长临界盐度界定为增长率为最佳一组30％所对应的盐度,其范围为适宜生长盐度;把经过多重比较结果显示无显著差异的存活率或13生长量最高的几个实验组所对应的盐度范围作为最适生存或生长盐度。研究结果表明,方斑东风螺适宜生存盐度为19．18～41．39,最适生存盐度为26．0—34．4;适宜生长盐度为19．28～39．96,最适生长盐度为26．0—31．6。当盐度变化超出最适范围时,养殖方斑东风螺对低盐更为敏感。     

Use of state‐space modelling to identify ecological covariates associated with trends in pinniped demography

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