重组植酸酶appA-2QN在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

对来源于大肠杆菌的植酸酶基因app A进行突变获得植酸酶基因突变体app A-2QN,利用酵母表达系统在摇瓶培养条件下表达后,该植酸酶突变体显示出良好的热稳定性。为提高该植酸酶的表达量,降低植酸酶的生产成本,对表达该酶的重组酵母菌GS115/app A-2QN进行了高密度发酵研究,通过控制发酵过程中碳源(甘油)的添加使得菌体生长达到一定密度,从而实现高效表达。在诱导蛋白质表达阶段,发酵液中甲醇的含量影响植酸酶的表达量,利用变色酸分光光度法对甲醇含量进行了检测分析。结果表明,在5 L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵147 h后,菌体浓度OD600nm达到313,通过将甲醇浓度控制在2.5%左右,经过诱导102 h后,蛋白达到了较高的表达量,为7.06 g/L,酶活性(发酵效价)为2.03×105U/m L。结果表明,通过高密度发酵提高了产植酸酶app A-2QN的酵母工程菌的细胞生长密度和蛋白质表达量,揭示该重组酵母菌株具有良好的表达稳定性。     

不同施肥时期对不同穗型水稻品种群体结构及产量的影响

通过不同施肥时期试验,研究不同施肥时期对不同穗型水稻品种群体结构及产量的影响。结果表明,穗数型品种牡丹江19群体结构、产量最佳的处理为分底肥、蘖肥和粒肥三次施入的处理,比其他处理增产17.9%～34.3%。穗重型品种系选1号群体结构、产量及产量构成因子最佳的处理为分底肥、蘖肥、穗肥和粒肥四次施入的处理,比其他处理增产8.3%～22.6%     

重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化特性研究

通过室内培养试验研究了重庆市植烟区不同肥力植烟土壤氮素矿化规律,求得土壤氮素矿化参数,并探讨了氮素矿化潜势（N0）、有机质、全氮、pH、碱解氮之间的关系。结果表明,在35℃条件下培养,一级动力学方程能够很好的拟合氮素的矿化过程,相关系数均达到显著水平（r高肥力土=0.976、r中肥力土=0.986、r低肥力土=0.996）,不同肥力土壤氮素矿化量存在显著差异。矿化潜势(N0)为：高肥力土（25.0mg?kg-1±0.60）﹥中肥力土（21.5mg?kg-1±0.61）﹥低肥力土（19.7mg?kg-1±1.14）;矿化速率（k）为：低肥力土（0.1596mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0104）﹥中肥力土（0.1492mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0155）﹥高肥力土（0.1029mg?kg-1?d-1±0.0071）。矿化潜势(N0)与全氮、有机质呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.9799和0.9788,与pH之间呈负相关（R=-0.9784）。表明不同肥力植烟土壤的供氮能力存在差异,在肥料管理上要因土、因时施肥。     

Evaluation of genetic variation among wild rice populations in Cambodia

A total of 448 samples in five natural populations of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were collected in Cambodia. They were examined using 12 SSR and two chloroplast markers to evaluate the degree of variation among populations and the genetic structure within populations. In the two annual populations, the number of plants with homozygous alleles at all 12 SSR loci were high (66.3% and 79.5%), suggesting that these plants propagate mainly through self-pollination. In the three perennial populations, no individuals had all homozygous genotypes, but redundant genotypes resulted from clonal propagation were observed. Percentages of the redundant genotypes were highly varied (3.6%, 29.2% and 86.0%). This may be due to the different stable levels of environmental conditions. As for chloroplast genome, most of the wild plants showed the same chloroplast types as most Indica-type cultivars have. However, plants with different chloroplast types were maintained, even in the same population. In tropical Asian countries, many wild rice populations were observed under similar ecological conditions examined in this study. Therefore, the present results concerning population structure will be important to further elucidate genetic features of wild rice, and will also give strong clues to utilize and conserve wild natural genetic resources.     

Accelerated recurrent selection

In Accelerated Recurrent Selection (ARS) schemes, selection is based on the predicted performance of progeny families, estimated as the average of the parental families. These schemes can halve cycle time compared to simple recurrent selection methods. They also have a lower requirement for evaluation of families in yield trials, although they do require more seed production. ARS therefore provides options in cycle time, effective population size, response to selection and cost which have not been available before. Example schemes are compared by computer simulation with truncation selection and with optimal family selection, where contributions of families to the next generation are optimised to give the maximum response to selection at a specified effective population size. In many circumstances, ARS schemes compare favourably. Difficulties in combining estimates of selection intensity and of effective population size when comparing the merits of different breeding schemes are discussed. It is suggested that unless one is interested in response to selection over periods greater than 50 years, the weight given to effective population size in ranking different schemes should be small.     

Computer simulation of a selection strategy to accommodate genotype environment interactions in a wheat recurrent selection programme

Multi-environment trials (METs) are used in plant breeding programmes to evaluate genotypes (lines/families) as a basis for selection on expected performance (yield and/or quality) in a target population of environments (TPE). When a large component of the genotype environment (G × E) interactions results from crossover interactions, samples of environments in METs that deviate from the TPE provide a suboptimal basis for selection of genotypes on performance expected in the TPE. To adjust for the negative effects of these deviations, a selection strategy that weights the data from the MET according to their expected frequency of occurrence in the TPE (i.e. a weighted selection strategy) was investigated. Computer simulation methodology was used to obtain preliminary information on the weighted selection strategy and compare it to the traditional unweighted selection strategy for a range of MET scenarios and G × E interaction models. The evaluation of the weighted selection strategy was conducted in context with the germplasm enhancement programme (GEP) of the Northern Wheat Improvement Programme in Australia. The results indicated that when the environments sampled in the MET matched those expected in the TPE, the unweighted and weighted selection strategies achieved a similar response to selection in the TPE. However, when the environments sampled in the MET did not match the expectations in the TPE and a large component of the G × E interactions resulted from crossover interactions, the weighted selection strategy achieved a greater response to selection in the TPE. The advantage of the weighted strategy increased as the amount of crossover G × E interaction increased or fewer environments were sampled in the METs.     

Reviews

Books reviewed: Ben Burt and Christian Clerk (eds), Environment and development in the Pacific Islands Glenn Banks and Chris Ballard (eds), The Oki Tedi Settlement – issues, outcomes and implications Bill Gammage, The Sky Travellers: journeys in New Guinea 1938–1939     

变权组合预测模型在兴平市地下水动态预测中的应用

针对地下水埋深变化离散性程度较大的兴平市,利用兴化漏斗区2000-2011年的地下水位埋深数据,采用基于指数预测法、线性回归预测法及灰色预测法的变权组合预测方法,对其进行地下水位埋深的模拟和预测。通过对兴平市地下水动态的预测,对比变权组合预测方法和单纯运用某一种单项预测方法在精度上的差别,证明了变权组合预测模型具有可行性和较高的精度,并在此基础上对兴平市未来地下水埋深进行了预测。     

气液两相流工况下泵内气相特征数值计算

为研究叶片泵内气相的分布、运动规律,应用计算流体动力学方法对气液两相流工况下叶片泵内流场进行数值模拟,并通过试验进行验证.基于MUSIG模型对泵内气液两相流动进行了数值计算,同时采用Prince-Blanch模型和Luo-Svendson模型描述气泡聚并和破碎过程,揭示了压力分布、不同尺寸气泡分布和气泡平均直径分布.研...     

蓄水位对山美土石坝地震动力响应的影响分析

地震作用下土石坝的动力响应及其破坏模式一直是岩土工程界研究热点.采用FLAC有限差分软件分析山美土石坝在地震作用下产生的震后残余变形、加速度响应以及剪应变等情况,得到山美土石坝的普遍性动力响应规律.通过改变上游蓄水位高度,描述地震过程中坝内塑性剪应变区演变模式以及不同水位下震后坝内残余应变形态,发现山美土石坝率先发生剪...