盐碱地养虾池塘养殖期间细菌组成分析

对天津地区盐碱地凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖池塘的细菌种类和垂直变化规律进行了研究.结果表明:池塘中细菌总数维持在2.4×103～8.5×105 cfu/mL,之间,弧菌总数维持在1.75×102～2.3×105 cfu/mL之间,细菌总数和弧菌总数分别在8月份和9月份达到高峰.反硝化细菌...     

凡纳滨对虾免疫指标变化与其养殖环境理化因子的关系

选择两口凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei养殖土池（305#、301#池）,每隔14 d定期采集一次养殖对虾和水样,检测对虾血清、肝胰脏和肌肉组织中酚氧化酶（PO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力和抗菌活力（Ua）等免疫指标,以及水温、溶解氧（DO）等环境因子,探讨了养殖对虾免疫指标与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明：凡纳滨对虾各组织中免疫指标随亚硝酸盐氮、总氨氮等浓度的转变有很明显变化,301#池塘水体中总氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮由高于305#池转变为低于305#池,其养殖对虾体内各组织的免疫指标由低于305#池转变为高于305#池。表明在检测的养殖池塘理化因子中,总氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮是影响养殖对虾免疫指标最主要的因子,因此,养殖过程中应加以严格控制,以提高对虾的免疫力和抗病力。     

The role of pond management for biodiversity conservation in an agricultural landscape

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集约化池塘生态系统健康评价初探

探索应用营养状态-综合指数法（TSI-CI）对集约化养殖池塘进行生态系统健康评价。分别以无处理池塘、经过人工基质悬挂处理池塘和经过浮床种植水生植物处理池塘为研究对象,首先选用Chla、SD、TP和TN 4个指标,用相关加权营养状态指数法进行营养状态评价,再选择物化和生物指标无量纲化处理后,计算综合指数进行综合评价。结果表明：经过人工基质悬挂处理和浮床种植水生植物空心菜均使得集约化池塘的综合营养指数下降,综合指数上升,2种净水措施均使得集约化池塘生态系统健康状况得到改善,与营养状态降低相对应。应用营养状态-综合指数法（TSI-CI）评价净水技术对池塘生态系统健康状况的影响可行。     

基于稳定性同位素技术分析池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹成蟹各种食物的贡献率

为确定池塘养殖中华绒螯蟹成蟹的食物来源及贡献比例,采用稳定性同位素技术,分析了池塘养殖的中华绒螯蟹成蟹肌肉、硬颗粒饲料、软颗粒饲料和池塘常见天然饵料中的碳、氮稳定性同位素特征。结果显示,中华绒螯蟹肌肉中的碳稳定性同位素(δ¹³C)为(-19.86±0.03)‰,氮稳定性同位素(δ¹⁵N)为(7.47±0.03)‰。配合饲料和池塘中天然饵料的δ¹³C值分布范围为-27.04‰～-22.87‰,δ¹⁵N值分布范围为1.46‰～7.20‰。通过食源贡献率分析,在养殖池塘中,中华绒螯蟹的第一食物来源为配合饲料,其中硬颗粒饲料占18.68%,软颗粒饲料占16.81%,其余饵料的贡献率由大到小依次为底栖生物、浮游动物、浮萍、本底中华绒螯蟹、沉积物、伊乐藻和浮游植物,贡献率分别为16.37%、12.72%、8.29%、7.91%、7.90%、5.79%和5.53%。综上,在养殖池塘中,硬颗粒饲料和软颗粒饲料为中华绒螯蟹成蟹的主要食物,两者约占总食物贡献的35.49%,底栖生物、浮游动物和水生植物等天然饵料的食物贡...     

石化废水稳定塘系统下渗对地下水的影响

稳定塘是一种古老而又不断发展的污水生物处理系统,目前在污水资源化方面有着广泛的应用,但是如果稳定塘系统防渗处理不当,会导致地下水污染.在中石化两北某市石化公司稳定塘中试工程一年多运行过程中,研究了3种稳定塘工程不同防渗层的防渗效果,连续对取样井中下渗后污水的水质变化情况进行监测,进而判断稳定塘系统对地下水的影响.结果表明,防渗效果优劣顺序是:红粘土机械压实>灰混土压实.污水下渗后水中TDS明显增大,平均浓度由1.2 g·L-1增大到4.3 g·L-1;包气带对COD、氨氮、石油烃、挥发酚、硫化物均有一定的净化效果,各污染物浓度分别减少了7.8%、24.1%、19.9%、35.3%、37.5%;氰化物浓度几乎不变.由于污水是经过二级生化处理的石化废水出水,其中的有机物大部分是难生物降解的有机物,进入含水层中将更难以去除,所以下渗对地下水污染风险最大的是污水中的有机物.此外,下渗使地下水水位上升从而造成土壤次生盐渍化.     

Production Economics of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Pond Culture in El-Fayum Governorate,Egypt

Econometric techniques were used to estimate a production function for tilapia pond culture in El-Fayum Governorate, Egypt, utilizing cross-sectional field data. Explanatory variables were feed, initial stocking weight, and pond size. The function was used to examine returns to scale, estimate the productivity of feed and initial stocking weight, and estimate the profit maximizing demand equations for feed and fingerlings. Diminishing returns to scale seem to exist for tilapia pond culture. Optimal economic stocking and feeding rates, yield, and profits for the whole sample were estimated at prevailing prices. Results indicated that producers were using stocking rates greater than the optimal by 36% to 115% and using insufficient feed by 8% to 22%. Investigation of the effects of changes in tilapia selling price and feed price on optimal stocking and feeding rates, yield, and profits showed that a change in tilapia selling price has greater effect on profits, yield, stocking, and feeding rates than a proportional change in feed price. Profits, feeding, and stocking rates are more sensitive than yield to changes in selling price, while feeding rate is more sensitive than stocking rate, yield, and profits to changes in feed price.     

Aerobic Bacterial Flora of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Cultured in Earthen Ponds in Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

Quantitative and qualitative estimation of bacterial flora present in pond water, sediments, gills, and intestine of healthy common carp Cyprinus carpio cultured in Saudi Arabia were performed and identified to species level where possible. Mean total viable bacterial counts in pond water ranged from 1.2?±?2.9?×?10⁴ to 2.5?±?3.5?×?10⁵ cfu/mL; in sediments, 9.3?±?2.1?×?10⁷ to 2.7?±?3.5?×?10⁹ cfu/g; in gills filaments, 4.3?±?2.9?×?10⁶ to 1.6?±?3.9?×?10⁷ cfu/g; and in intestine, 8.7?±?4.1?×?10⁹ to 5.4?±?3.2?×?10¹⁰ cfu/g. Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria dominated (76%) the populations. In total, 12 bacterial genera and 15 species were identified. Pond water and sediment bacteria had the reflection on bacterial composition of gills and intestine of carp. Intestinal bacteria showed more diversification in contrast to gill bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila, Shewanella putrefaciens, Vibrio cholerae, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio sp., and Staphylococcus sp. were the common bacteria in all the populations. In pond water and carp intestine, A. hydrophila, S. putrefaciens, V. cholerae, and C. urealyticum were the most dominant bacteria (prevalence ≥ 10%) where pond sediments and the carp gills experienced with more one dominant bacterium V. vulnificus. Only the A. hydrophila covered one fourth (25%) of the total bacterial populations.     

Response to Selection and Realized Heritability for Length in Golden Shiner,Notemigonus crysoleucas

One generation of individual selection for increased total length in golden shiner, Notemigonus crysoleucas, at the 30th percentile (i = 1.159) increased average length from 109.4 mm in the F₁ control generation to 119.2 mm in the F₁ select generation; the difference was significant (P = 0.1). When means were adjusted by covariance analysis for number of fish at harvest, mean lengths were 111.0 mm for the F_l control generation and 116.9 mm for the F₁ select generation; the difference was not significant. Unadjusted and adjusted genetic gain was 10 mm (9.1%/generation) and 5.9 mm (5.3%/generation), respectively. Realized heritability using unadjusted and adjusted lengths was 0.70 and 0.42, respectively. These results suggest that selection can be used to improve growth rate and yield in golden shiner.     

The impact of flood control on the loss of wetlands in Argentina

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