鳜鱼池塘单养及其病害防治试验

鳜鱼池塘单养,要求水源充足,水质清新,本试验塘口水体,溶解氧6～7mg／L,PH7～8,透明度40cm;对饵料鱼要求活、适口、无硬刺、投喂间隔,供应及时;高温季节每天注排水2h,保持微流水状态;注意防治细菌性烂鳃病、鱼鲺病、车轮虫病和半眉虫病。只要把好饵料及鱼病关,鳜鱼池塘单养可以取得较好的经济效益。     

架设生物浮床对池塘养殖鱼类生长和肌肉品质特性的影响

选择草鱼主养池塘为研究池塘,分析架设生物浮床的池塘中草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)和团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)的生长和肌肉品质特性。池塘养殖试验时间为180d,试验期间测定草鱼和团头鲂生长指标,并利用生化分析和物性分析方法测定肌肉营养成分、系水力和质构特性。试验结果表明:试验池塘的草鱼和团头鲂的终末体质量高于对照池塘的养殖鱼类;试验池塘2种鱼的肥满度都显著高于对照池塘;试验池塘和对照池塘空壳体质量比没有显著差异。试验池塘草鱼和团头鲂的肌肉滴水损失和失水率均显著低于对照池塘,而熟肉率显著高于对照池塘。试验池塘的鱼类肌肉粗蛋白显著高于对照池塘;粗脂肪含量都高于对照池塘,在草鱼中差异显著,团头鲂差异不显著;试验池塘草鱼水分显著低于对照池塘,团头鲂水分和2种鱼灰分都没有显著差异。肌肉的质构特性分析表明,试验池塘草鱼的硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性显著高于对照池塘;试验池塘草鱼回复性和凝聚性显著低于对照池塘,试验池塘团头鲂肌肉弹性显著高于对照池塘。     

养殖鱼塘中铜绿假单胞菌致病性及耐药相关基因的研究

旨在分析养殖鱼塘水体中铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa,PA)分离菌株的致病性、耐药性及其可能机制,为保障水产食品的安全提供科学依据。使用美国临床与实验室标准研究所的标准纸片扩散法,以及聚合酶链反应技术对PA分离菌株进行了抗菌素耐药性,以及毒性、固有和获得性耐药相关基因的检测与分析。结果显示,受试PA分离菌株的50%为exoS+/exoU-侵染型分子型,无临床分离菌株的exoS-/exoU+的细胞毒型分子型。PA菌株对6大类9种抗菌素的耐药性存在明显差异,其中甲氧胺苄嘧啶和利福平的耐药率最高为100%,其次是氨苄西林、卡那霉素和四环素,分别为90%、90%和80%,庆大霉素的耐药率最低为10%。多药抗性PA菌株均含有MexAB-OprM、MexXY-OprM和MexVW-OprM外排泵系统,其中20%菌株检测为β-内酰胺酶基因(ampC)阳性;而MexEF-OprN、MexJK-OprM、MexCD-OprJ和MexGHI-OpmD外排泵基因全部或部分缺失。此外,在PA菌株中均未检测到Ⅰ～Ⅲ类整合子的整合酶基因(comINT),但是整合接合元件(ICEs)保守模块功能基因(ICEint、soj、pilS2、pilD)均检测为阳性,提示PA菌株携带的ICEs具有潜在的转移活性,为进一步探讨PA多药抗性的散播奠定了基础。     

人工养殖麦穗鱼的生长特性

分析麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)在人工养殖条件下的生长特性,为麦穗鱼养殖提供参考依据。2016年3—11月,于室外水泥池中开展了麦穗鱼养殖试验,分别测量其体重、体长及全长指标,进行生长特性分析。经180天的养殖,麦穗鱼平均全长达到3.96cm,平均体长达到3.23 cm,平均体重达到0.49g。特定生长率、日均增量和肥满度均受水温影响变化明显。体长(LB)与全长(LT)之间存在线性回归关系：LT=1.0589LB 0.767 (R2=0.8628),体长与体重(W)的回归方程为：W=0.0466LB2.1623 (R2=0.8306)。麦穗鱼体长的变异系数范围为6%~14%,体重的变异系数范围为20%~41%,肥满度在1.45~5.31之间变动。麦穗鱼在室外水泥池中生长效果良好,适宜进行规模化人工养殖。     

Destratification in deep fish culture reservoirs in Israel: Practice and modelling

Thermal stratification negatively affects water quality, and thus is a threatto fish culture in deep water ponds and reservoirs. To prevent and controlit, a device based on an underwater propeller that vertically transportsoxygen rich warm water from the epilimnion down to the anoxic and colderhypolimnion was assembled. The empirical results so far obtained in Israelidual purpose reservoirs for field crop irrigation and fish culture aresummarized herein, and a mathematical model of the device's effect onreservoir thermal structure is presented.     

对虾池的放养密度对浮游生物群落的影响

于１９９８年７￣９月在山东海阳养虾场运用陆基围隔实验生态学方法,研究了对虾与罗非鱼在五种放养密度下浮游生物群落的变动情况。结果表明;可能浮游动物的摄食对浮游植物产生影响,二者数量的消长在大多数围隔都呈负相关;纤毛虫的数量与浮游植物的总生物量呈负相关;随着养殖密度的增加,浮游植物生物量减少,而浮游动物却有所增加,前者的优势类群由硅藻变为甲藻、蓝藻和隐藻。后者的在组成中镖水蚤数量减少而剑水蚤、无节幼体、轮虫和原生动物等小型种类有所增加;纤毛虫在高密度围隔中大量繁殖,说明水质已逐渐恶化。     

Effects of feeding rates on growth and production of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp polycultured in fertilized ponds

Abstract In an attempt to identify appropriate feeding rates for multispecies of fish raised in fertilized earthen ponds, the present work was conducted over a 19‐week experimental period to establish the growth performance, production and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp fed 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% biomass and to apparent satiation (treatments). Twelve ponds were stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. Two ponds were assigned to each of the treatments, and a 25% protein pelleted fish feed was used to feed fish at the specified rate of feeding. At the end of the experiment, growth, weight gain, survival, yield and body composition of fish groups were affected by the treatments. The economic effectiveness also varied among treatments. The most conspicuous attribute of the feeding rates was its lack of influence on growth (g day^?1), weight gain (g per fish), yield (kg ha^?1) or body composition of silver carp. The results of whole‐body proximate analysis indicated that various feeding rates had either an irregular pattern or no effects on the protein and ash gain per 100 g of fish body weight (bw) gain. The most notable exceptions were significant (P < 0.05) increases in body fat and gross energy gains in Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp accompanied by decreases in percentages of moisture (but not in silver carp) as feeding rate increased. Among the six different feeding levels, feeding to apparent satiation (feed amount was equivalent to 2.67% of fish bw day^?1) appeared to be optimal, as it significantly (P < 0.05) supported the highest fish production, income and net profit compared with all other treatments except for the 3% feeding level, for which the differences in those measurements were comparable.     

河蟹青虾混养池塘循环水净化效能的初步分析

在河蟹青虾混养池塘构建封闭式循环水养殖系统,并对其净化效果和养殖效益进行了初步研究。结果表明：该系统对水体TN、TP、NH4＋-N和CODMn的平均净化效率分别为27.33%、56.14%、43.91%和39.59%。经湿地净化后的水质能够达到GB3838-2002地表水Ⅲ类排放标准,平均纯收益达53769元/hm2。     

中国林蛙人工池塘孵化与越冬技术研究

［目的］研究中国林蛙人工池塘孵化与越冬技术。［方法］2005~2007年,在牡丹江自然保护区内挖人工池塘12个,分别设置不同水温进行林蛙孵化试验,计算孵化率和变态率;设置3个越冬池进行越冬试验,计算林蛙存活率。［结果］孵化池水温在10~12℃、12~14℃时的孵化率可达到97%以上,且明显高于其他温度下的孵化率;胚胎在8~20℃温度范围内均能正常发育,变态率达91%左右;越冬池放养密度为40只/m2左右,林蛙的越冬存活率可达95%。［结论］人工池塘孵化的最适温度是10~14℃,水深保持在2m左右;林蛙越冬的放养密度建议控制在40只/m2左右,并每月换水1次,水温控制在5℃左右。     

主养草鱼池塘三种混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较

为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。