池养脊尾白虾的繁殖、生长及其最大持续轮捕量的初步探讨

池养脊尾白虾经过３个月生长可达性成熟，抱卵亲虾占总虾数比例为３．８４％－１６．７１％，相对抱卵量平均值为５１２．７２粒／克体重。本试验中池养脊尾白虾的体长、体重与月龄关系可用ｖｏｎ Ｂｅｒｔａｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程描述。在目前的轮捕条件下，３月龄的个体可供渔具选择，年总死亡率φ＝０．６２７０，轮捕死亡率Ｅ＝０．２７４４，自然死亡率Ｄ＝０．３５２６。若把首次轮捕月龄从３月龄提高到４月龄，轮捕强度控制在     

淡水养殖环境中氨氧化微生物的研究进展

随着水产养殖业的快速发展,养殖水体氮素污染日益突出,硝化微生物在水产养殖环境氮循环中具有重要作用。本文主要综述我国淡水养殖环境中硝化微生物的多样性、作用机理、厌氧氨氧化过程和机理等研究进展,并展望今后的研究工作:(1)淡水养殖水域硝化作用和氨氧化微生物的时空分布特征及影响因子;(2)淡水养殖环境氨氧化微生物及其他氮素转化关键微生物的过程与机理;(3)深入研究特定生态系统中如池塘生态系统、氮循环的各个过程,构建相关氮素转化和氮素平衡模型,为完善淡水池塘生态系统氮循环理论、水产养殖环境的氮素污染治理和生态修复提供参考。     

仿刺参与虾夷马粪海胆和菲律宾蛤仔混养效果的初步研究

水温13.8～20.0℃下,在容积50 L的塑料水槽中,放养体质量为(1.4±0.6)g的虾夷马粪海胆(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)11个,过量投喂海带(Laminaria japonica),再分别混养体质量为(3.4±0.6)g的仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)0(A组)、3(B组)、5(C组)和10个(D组),体质量为(12.4±1.7)g的菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippim2rum)6个,排出水培养底栖硅藻和石纯(Ulva lactuca),用底栖硅藻饲喂仿刺参.77 d的饲养表明,仿刺参和海胆的成活率差异不显著(P>0.05),但混养组海胆的特定生长率(SGR)显著高于单养组(P<0.05),B、C和D组海胆的SGR分别比单养高9.12%、7.24%和10.06%,各混养组间差异不显著(P>0.05);混养海胆的饲料系数(7.28～7.70)分别显著低于单养(9.12)(P<0.05)组20.2%、15.5%和18.0%.将刺参的产量计算在内,B、C和D组海胆的饲料系数分别比对照组降低31.5%、26.8%和16.0%,但混养组间差异不显著(P>0.05).海胆和仿刺参的适宜混养比例为11:3.蛤仔和石纯生长慢,死亡率高.养殖排水培养的底栖硅藻以菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)和卵形藻(Cocameissp.)为主,少量舟形藻(Navicula sp.).混养海胆性腺中亚麻酸、EPA DHA含量和n-3/n-6比值显著大于单养组(P<0.05),混养池水中氨氮含量低而稳,溶氧量高.     

Comparison of food selection and growth performance of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.) in mono- and polyculture rearing in tropical ponds

To compare the effect of polyculture against conventional monoculture on ornamental carp production, investigations on food selection and growth performance of koi carp (K), Cyprinus carpio L. and goldfish (G), Carassius auratus (L.) were conducted in a 11‐week rearing experiment in two monoculture (100% K and 100% G) and five polyculture (90% K–10% G, 70% K–30% G, 50% K–50% G, 30% K–70% G and 10% K–90% G) conditions in tropical ponds. There were three replicates for each treatment. Environmental conditions and food availability were similar in all the treatments. Ivlev's electivity index showed that both fish species avoided phytoplankton and preferred cladocerans to other zooplankton groups (copepods and rotifers) in monotypic conditions. However, in the polyculture treatments, the positive electivity of goldfish towards cladocerans reduced significantly (P<0.05), while the percentage of copepods, rotifers and phytoplankton in the gut content increased. No significant differences in weight gain, specific growth rate and deformities were recorded at harvest for koi carp between the different treatments (P>0.05). Even the survival rate of koi carp recorded above 90% in all the treatments. However, the goldfish recorded significantly better weight gain, specific growth rate and survival in monoculture (100% G), compared with the polyculture treatments (P<0.05). Goldfish deformities were lowest (P<0.05) in the monoculture treatment (2.42%). The number of marketable fish above a set size limit of 4 g total weight was significantly higher in the two monoculture treatments, compared with the five polyculture treatments (P<0.05). Keeping in view of the dietary similarities of koi carp and goldfish, and the aggressive nature of koi carp in polyculture, it is suggested to refrain from polyculture of goldfish and koi carp until further documentations relating to optimum stocking density and management of polyculture of ornamental carps are available.     

凡纳滨对虾不同养殖密度高位池水体细菌群落动态

通过对养殖水体环境基因组DNA中细菌16S rRNA基因V4–V5区的高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究了两种养殖密度的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池水体中细菌群落在养殖过程中的动态。结果显示,养殖过程中各菌群相对丰度变化明显,细菌多样性随时间逐渐提高,优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。随着养殖时间增长,蓝藻丰度所占比例逐渐减少,而变形菌、拟杆菌和浮霉菌丰度逐渐增大,同时养殖前期高密度池浮霉菌丰度显著高于低密度池(P0.01),而其他菌群无显著差异。结果表明,养殖期前50 d不同养殖密度水体细菌群落差异较大,而后30 d内细菌群落的时间异质性大于空间异质性,这意味着高位池水体菌相被划分为两类,到养殖后期菌相快速转变,养殖密度所带来的影响被减弱。     

Bacterial diversity of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in brackish water in Saudi Arabia

The bacterial flora occurring in brackish pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of healthy tilapia cultured in Saudi Arabia were estimated both quantitatively and qualitatively, and the isolates were identified to genus or species level. Total viable count of bacteria ranged from 1.4±1.5×10³ to 8.6±2.7×10³ cfu ml⁻¹; 1.2±3.1×10⁶ to 7.3±1.1×10⁷ cfu g⁻¹; 8.7±1.9×10⁵ to 2.1±0.9×10⁶ cfu g⁻¹; and 2.8±2.4×10⁷ to 1.0±1.6×10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ in the pond water, sediment, gills and intestine of brackish water tilapia, respectively. In total, 19 bacterial species were identified. The bacteria were predominantly Gram-negative rods (87%). Pond water and sediment bacteria influenced the bacterial composition of gills and intestine of tilapia. In contrast to gill bacteria, more diversification was observed in intestinal bacteria. The predominant (prevalence >10%) bacterial species were Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio carchariae, Vibrio alginolyticus, Chryseomonas sp., Vibrio vulnificus, and Streptococcus sp. in all the populations with the exception of the sediment population where Streptococcus sp. was replaced by Shewanella putrefaciens. Vibrio spp. (58% of the total isolates) dominated the total bacterial population.     

江蓠与新对虾、青蟹混养试验

细基江蓠繁枝变种与新对虾，青蟹混养试验结果表明：（１）细基江蓠繁枝变种生长的最适温，盐度分别为１７－３０℃和１７－２９‰，这一温，盐度范围也适合新对虾和青蟹的生长；鱼塘海水的温，盐度变化与沿海不同，因此，移植野生江蓠到鱼塘养殖时要考虑这一特点。（２）江蓠在不同的生长季节的最适生长水层是不同的。（３）江蓠的主要有效氮是ＮＨ４＾＋，而新对虾，青蟹的排泄物可分解出大量的ＮＨ４＾＋。这样，江蓠与新对虾，青     

南澳贝藻混养互利机制的初步研究

以牡蛎和龙须菜为试验材料,进行了两个阶段不同投放比例的室内模拟混养试验,试验周期均为4周,各试验组分别为:对照组、龙须菜单养组、牡蛎单养组、牡蛎龙须菜低密度混养组、牡蛎龙须菜中密度混养组和牡蛎龙须菜高密度混养组,其中除对照组和龙须菜单养组外,各试验组牡蛎密度均为27只/m3,第一阶段龙须菜密度分别为:0,47,0,47,94,188g/m3,第二阶段龙须菜密度为:0,158,0,158,316,854g/m3。定期采样测定水体中营养盐(NO2-N,NO3-N,NH4-N,PO4-P)的含量及养殖生物的生长情况。试验结果表明,第一阶段试验结束时,投放牡蛎的试验组与未投放牡蛎的试验组水体氮、磷含量差异显著(P0.05)。第二阶段试验结束时,投放牡蛎的各试验组磷酸盐和硝酸盐含量差异显著(P0.05),高密度混养组的磷酸盐含量和硝酸盐含量与牡蛎单养组相比分别降低了43%、30%,说明龙须菜明显吸收了水体中的氮、磷,混养系统氮、磷利用更为合理,其中龙须菜854g/m3,牡蛎27只/m3的高密度混养组投放密度最为合理。     

虾蟹混养池塘浮游植物群落结构的变化特征

为摸清锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)与斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)混养池塘浮游植物种群结构的变化特征,于2018年3-11月对广州市番禺区十六涌3个养殖池塘中的浮游植物开展了逐月调查,并通过冗余分析(RDA)探讨了浮游植物与环境因子的相关性。结果表明,养殖池塘中共鉴定出浮游植物29种,主要由硅藻、蓝藻、甲藻、绿藻和裸藻5大门类组成,其中硅藻种类最多(19种),占浮游植物种类数的65.5%;其次是蓝藻,共5种,占浮游植物种类数17.2%;甲藻3种,绿藻和裸藻各1种。共出现优势种16种,主要为直舟形藻(Navicula directa)、奇异菱形藻(Nitzschia paradoxa)、柔弱菱形藻(Nitzschia delicatissima)、尖布纹藻(Gyrosigma acuminatum)、大角角藻(Ceratium macroceros)和小颤藻(Oscillatoria tenuis)等。浮游植物细胞密度介于2.56×103~189.2×103个·m-3,Shannon-Weaver多样性指数介于0.468~2.597。浮游植物与环境因子相关性RDA结果表明,营养盐、盐度和pH是影响养殖塘浮游植物种群结构的主要环境因子。     

耕水机在罗非鱼精养池塘的应用效果分析

选择两组罗非鱼(Tilapia)精养池塘作为研究对象,通过设置实验塘和对照塘的方法,研究耕水机的使用对精养池塘水质变化情况和养殖效果的影响.结果表明:与对照池塘相比,实验池塘的水质稳定,池水化学耗氧量的平均值降低了1.56 mg/L,总悬浮物的平均含量下降了24.3028 mg/L,总氨氮的平均浓度下降了0.2418 ...