Biotechnological Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid Using Aurantiochytrium limacinum: Carbon Sources Comparison And Growth Characterization

Aurantiochytrium limacinum, a marine heterotrophic protist/microalga has shown interesting yields of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) when cultured with different carbon sources: glucose, pure and crude glycerol. A complete study in a lab-scale fermenter allowed for the characterization and comparison of the growth kinetic parameters corresponding to each carbon source. Artificial Marine Medium (AMM) with glucose, pure and crude glycerol offered similar biomass yields. The net growth rates (0.10–0.12 h⁻¹), biomass (0.7–0.8 g cells/g Substrate) and product (0.14–0.15 g DHA/g cells) yields, as well as DHA productivity were similar using the three carbon sources. Viable potential applications to valorize crude glycerol are envisioned to avoid an environmental problem due to the excess of byproduct.     

Carotenoids,Phenolic Compounds and Tocopherols Contribute to the Antioxidative Properties of Some Microalgae Species Grown on Industrial Wastewater

This study aimed at investigating the potential of microalgae species grown on industrial waste water as a new source of natural antioxidants. Six microalgae from different classes, including Phaeodactylum sp. (Bacillariophyceae), Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae), Chlorella sp., Dunaniella sp., and Desmodesmus sp. (Chlorophyta), were screened for their antioxidant properties using different in vitro assays. Natural antioxidants, including pigments, phenolics, and tocopherols, were measured in methanolic extracts of microalgae biomass. Highest and lowest concentrations of pigments, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols were found in Desmodesmus sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornuotom microalgae species, respectively. The results of each assay were correlated to the content of natural antioxidants in microalgae biomass. Phenolic compounds were found as major contributors to the antioxidant activity in all antioxidant tests while carotenoids were found to contribute to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, ferrous reduction power (FRAP), and ABTS-radical scavenging capacity activity. Desmodesmus sp. biomass represented a potentially rich source of natural antioxidants, such as carotenoids (lutein), tocopherols, and phenolic compounds when cultivated on industrial waste water as the main nutrient source.     

Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture

The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future.     

施肥对围隔中浮游纤毛虫种群动态的调控分析

通过不同的施肥处理,对低盐度对虾养殖围隔环境中浮游纤毛虫群落结构动态变化进行了研究,共检测到浮游纤毛虫48种,分属于3纲、11目、37属;其中,寡毛目（Oligotrichida）8种,缘毛目（Peritrichida）7种,腹毛目（Hypotrichida）和盾纤目（Scuticociliatida）均为6种;优势种...     

4种饵料微藻对水产养殖废水的净化效果研究

为探究饵料微藻在养殖废水中的生长能力以及去除氮、磷的效果,选用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)和海水小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)等4种微藻,在室内光照培养系统中进行了微藻净化养殖废水试验,试验时长为11 d。结果表明,绿色巴夫藻对NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N去除效果最佳,最大去除率分别为88.35%和97.43%;海水小球藻对废水中PO_4~(3-)-P的去除率最高,为93.29%;就生长情况而言,绿色巴夫藻平均相对生长率最高,达到0.239 cells·mL~(-1)·d~(-1)。因此,在本试验条件下,可认为绿色巴夫藻是治理养殖废水的优势藻种。     

小球藻对不同沼液添加量培养液的适应性及净化效果

以成分相对简单、未经灭菌的秸秆厌氧发酵后沼液和BG11培养基的混合液为培养液,以FACHB-5号和FACHB-8号小球藻为藻种,利用人工气候培养箱,在微藻培养温度为(26±1)℃,光照强度为4 000 lx,24 h连续光照,通气量为1.5 L/min,沼液添加比例为20%、30%和40%的条件下,系统研究秸秆厌氧发酵后沼液直接用于微藻养殖对微藻系统的影响。结果表明:试验采用的小球藻FACHB-8号藻种和FACHB-5号藻种均能较好地适应化学需氧量COD含量相对较高的秸秆厌氧发酵后沼液,但FACHB-8号藻种与FACHB-5号藻种相比对沼液的适应时间更短,适应能力更强;FACHB-8号藻种和FACHB-5号藻种均能较好的利用和转化沼液中的有机污染物,各试验组的COD去除率均大于90%,总氮去除率均大于96%,总磷去除率均大于92%。该研究可为沼液直接用于微藻养殖提供参考。     

珠江河口区罗非鱼养殖池塘中浮游微藻的群落特征

2009年5月至11月,在广州市番禺区海鸥岛对6口罗非鱼河口养殖池塘的微藻群落结构和水质因子进行定期采样分析,共检出微藻7门157种,其中绿藻67种,蓝藻34种,硅藻18种,甲藻5种,隐藻3种,裸藻28种,金藻2种。各池微藻优势种种类丰富,但不同门类优势种单胞体积差异较大,其中：数量优势种多为蓝藻类的威利颤藻、点形平裂藻、褐色念珠藻、圆胞束球藻、坚实微囊藻、不定微囊藻等和绿藻类的蛋白核小球藻、镰形纤维藻、空星藻等;生物量优势种多为裸藻类的鱼形裸藻、秋鳞孔藻、琵鹭扁裸藻、扭曲扁裸藻、糙膜陀螺藻和甲藻类的加顿多甲藻、多纹膝沟藻以及隐藻类的啮蚀隐藻、具尾蓝隐藻等;卷曲螺旋藻既是数量优势种又是生物量优势种。微藻数量和生物量在养殖前中期增加较快,物种多样性丰富,后期多呈较低水平,物种多样性也逐渐下降。养殖前中期各池微藻数量范围为（0.59～72.85）×107ind·L^-1,生物量范围为1.12～114.14mg·L^-1,多样性指数平均为2.98;养殖后期微藻数量范围为（16.29～67.37）×107ind·L^-1,生物量范围为6.57～67.76mg·L^-1,多样性指数平均为2.78。各池微藻数量或生物量多与COD、DIN等营养因子呈显著正相关关系。罗非鱼也可通过滤食作用有效影响池塘微藻群落结构和水质因子的变动。     

Marine microalgae as dietary supplements in the culture of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs,Tachypleus tridentatus (Xiphosura)

Five treatments (short‐neck clam Ruditapes philippinarum and four formulated diets with the green microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta or the golden‐brown microalgae Isochrysis galbana in the ratio (dw/dw) of 5% or 10% to that of clam meat) were used to investigate the growth performance and haemolymph quality of juvenile Chinese horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus under laboratory culture. At the end of the 12‐week study, various growth and moulting indicators as well as haemolymph biochemical parameters did not show any significant differences among the treatments. Significantly higher percentages of haemolymph amoebocyte viability and granular‐spherical amoebocyte state were noted in both 5% and 10% I. galbana‐supplemented diets compared to that of clam meat. However, the percentages of these two haemolymph parameters in juveniles fed with D. tertiolecta decreased significantly at the end of the experiment. Such differences were attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in I. galbana that was absent in D. tertiolecta and clam meat. Like many marine invertebrates, juvenile horseshoe crabs do not naturally obtain sufficient PUFAs from their diets to meet developmental and physiological needs; hence, supplementing microalgae with high levels of EPA in a protein‐rich diet boosts immune competence and the health status of juvenile horseshoe crabs while under culture.     

大亚湾桡足类的生态学研究

根据2003年12月～2004年9月对纬度22.617°以北的大亚湾海域进行4个航次海域生态环境监测的资料,对大亚湾浮游桡足类的种类组成、生态类群、数量的季节变化和平面分布进行了分析。结果表明,所记录的54种浮游桡足类中,以红纺锤水蚤、亚强真哲水蚤、微刺哲水蚤和锥形宽水蚤的数量最丰富。桡足类种类数和丰度均以夏季最高,春季最低。通过这次调查,得出以下结论:大亚湾桡足类种类较多,是浮游动物第一大类群,但数量上次于毛颚类和枝角类;夏、秋2季是桡足类数量的高峰期,都以红纺锤水蚤占绝对优势;该次调查中大亚湾出现的浮游桡足类分属热带大洋类群、近岸低盐类群和广布类群,种类组成属印度西太平洋热带边缘区系。     

珠江八个入海口浮游桡足类的季节特征

2007—2008年在珠江八个入海口进行4个季节的生态调查数据,探讨了珠江八个入海口水域浮游桡足类的种类组成、多样性指数和丰度等指标及其与环境因素之间的关系,分析了优势种的季节数量变动及对浮游桡足类总数量的影响,并将本研究水域与珠江口外海水控制区浮游桡足类的生态特征做了比较。结果显示:周年共鉴定38种浮游桡足类,隶属3目10科23属。其中春季25种,夏季28种,秋季23种,冬季21种。优势种主要有中华异水蚤(Acartiella sinensis)、指状许水蚤(Schmackeria inopinus)、中华窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona sinen-sis)等种类,季节更替明显。四季平均丰度的变化趋势为春季(79.06 ind./L)>夏季(56.11 ind./L)>秋季(17.52 ind./L)>冬季(14.62 ind./L)。珠江口夏季浮游桡足类出现的种类数和物种多样性指数均为四季最高。相关性分析表明,春季高锰酸盐指数对浮游桡足类分布的影响极为显著,夏、秋季对浮游桡足类的分布影响显著的环境因子分别为溶解氧和硅酸盐。