天津天嘉湖渔业生物学基础调查

按照《内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册》对天嘉湖水化学、浮游生物、底栖动物、鱼类状况进行了调查。结果表明:天嘉湖水质良好,适合鱼类生长;鱼类天然饵料生物量相对较低,不适合鲢鳙生长;主要渔获物为人工放养的异育银鲫Carassiusauratusgibelio.,今后应依据其自然条件以放养异育银鲫为主,少放鲢鳙;放养12cm以上的大规格的鱼种,提高成活率和回捕率;控制凶猛鱼类的种群数量。     

南水北调中线水源区富营养化研究

为了给建立南水北调中线水源区长期生态研究数据信息库及生态工程规划提供科学依据,在丹江口水库建立陶岔(渠首)自动监测点,丹江库心、大石桥(入库上游)和汉江库区丹江口坝前监测点,于2004-03—2006-05对南水北调中线水源区微生物菌群、浮游生物与理化指标进行监测。按水样采集标准方法采样,采用污水生物系统法、营养状态指数法和单因子评价法对中线水源区进行富营养化程度评价。在4个监测点共采集到浮游生物94属202种(含变种),未发现水体重污染指示种。浮游植物8门67属161种(含变种),占浮游生物种的80%,浮游植物污染指示种21属24种(含变种),β-中营养型占浮游植物污染指示种38%;浮游动物27属41种(含变种),占浮游生物种的20%,包括3种浮游动物污染指示种;水源区叶绿素a质量浓度为4.25μg/m3,营养状态指数0.0001;理化检测指标中除总氮(Ⅲ类)外,其他指标均符合Ⅰ类水质标准。中线水源区为寡污型水体,处于中营养状态,符合南水北调调水水质的要求。     

轮虫培育池浮游生物的时空分布

在1995－1996年期间，对黑龙江、内蒙、辽宁3个地区11个池塘浮游生物的时空分布进行了研究。结果表明，浮游植物在池的上、下风位水平分布和表、底层垂直分布存在显著差异。轮虫的水平分布与风浪及水体溶氧状况有关，无风（或微风）时，上、下风位无明显差异。有风浪时，上风位比下风位高出1倍多。水体缺氧时，下风位比上风位高出4倍多，轮虫的垂直分布在溶氧充足时，上、下风位表层均低于底层；而在水体缺氧时，上、风位表层高出底层近3倍。桡足类的水平分布上风位比下风位高出2－4倍，垂直分布无明显差异。文中还讨论了轮虫池浮游生物分布的某些规律和成因及其在生产实践中的意义。     

Recent changes in the trophic structure of the Black Sea

During the past few decades, the Black Sea has been subjected to various human impacts that have led to changes in the ecology of this inland sea. River runoff has introduced high levels of certain heavy metals and other toxic substances as well as detergents. Ship traffic has led to the introduction of new species, and fishing pressures have also altered the ecology of the area.
This paper reviews major ecological changes over the past 40 years. An increase in nutrients has caused eutrophication, with outbursts of phytoplankton blooms and changes in the species composition of these algae. Small-sized zooplankton species and gelatinous zooplankton have become more common, while many of the herbivorous copepods have decreased in abundance or have disappeared. The introduction of the predatory ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in the 1980s has had significant impact on the plankton community and has led to a sharp decline in anchovy stocks. Decreased water transparency has led to a loss of macrophytic algae, except in shallow waters, and to a subsequent decline in the zoobenthos associated with this flora. Eutrophication has also led to decreased oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom water due to large amounts of decomposing phytoplankton, and regions of hypoxia and anoxia now appear on the shelf, with consequent reduction in benthic populations of invertebrates and demersal fish. The numbers of fish species harvested commercially have fallen from 26 to 5, but the total catch has increased, owing to increases in abundance of small fish (e.g., sprat) and horse mackerel, and to increased fishing effort.     

大房郢水库浮游生物群落结构变化与环境因子关系研究

为了更好地了解合肥市饮用水源地水生态环境状况,于2020年夏季、秋季、冬季及2021年春季对大房郢水库的水质、浮游植物和浮游动物进行监测,对比浮游生物群落现存量与历史变化,并使用冗余分析（RDA）以及蒙特卡洛置换检验探究环境因子对浮游生物群落的影响。结果表明,研究区域浮游植物以蓝藻门为主要优势种属,密度及生物量较2005年分别增加37.7%和7.0%,浮游动物以桡足类为主要优势种,密度较2005年大幅度下降了77.5%,生物量多样性增加了47.8%,影响浮游生物群落结构的主要环境因子为NH3-N、T（温度）、pH和TN。此外,研究也揭示了季节变化对水库浮游生物的物种组成影响小,但对浮游生物的丰度及多样性影响显著。     

Distribution and abundance of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus in the Faroe–Shetland Channel

The distribution and abundance of overwintering Calanus finmarchicus in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was studied during December 1994 and January 1995. Maximum abundance of animals in the Channel was approximately 50 000 m⁻², with a peak concentration of 627 m⁻³ at a depth of 930 m. Copepodite stages IV and V accounted for > 98% of the population. A clear association was found between the horizontal and vertical distribution of animals and the Arctic water masses in the bottom of the Faroe–Shetland Channel. The Wyville–Thomson Ridge formed a barrier to the southern distribution of Arctic waters and the abundance of overwintering C. finmarchicus was 25 times lower to the south of the Ridge than to the north. Spatial variability in lipid content and composition indicated that overwintering C. finmarchicus in the southern Norwegian Sea were in poorer condition with respect to wax ester content, and in a more advanced state of emergence from overwintering, than the animals within the Channel. The overwintering stock in the Channel probably originated from the Norwegian Sea or from north of the Faroe Islands. The Faroe–Shetland Channel is an important source of animals advected into the northern North Sea in the spring (March/April). The population abundance in the Faroe–Shetland Channel was estimated to be 4.5 × 10¹⁴ individuals, which is more than adequate to account for the mean concentration of adult stages observed in the northern North Sea in April.     

A model‐based meso‐zooplankton production index and its relation to the ocean survival of juvenile coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

The ocean survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off the Pacific Northwest coast has been related to oceanographic conditions regulating lower trophic level production during their first year at sea. Coastal upwelling is recognized as the primary driver of seasonal plankton production but as a single index upwelling intensity has been an inconsistent predictor of coho salmon survival. Our goal was to develop a model of upwelling‐driven meso‐zooplankton production for the Oregon shelf ecosystem that was more immediately linked to the feeding conditions experienced by juvenile salmon than a purely physical index. The model consisted of a medium‐complexity plankton model linked to a simple one‐dimensional, cross‐shelf upwelling model. The plankton model described the dynamics of nitrate, ammonium, small and large phytoplankton, meso‐zooplankton (copepods), and detritus. The model was run from 1996 to 2007 and evaluated on an interannual scale against time‐series observations of copepod biomass. The model’s ability to capture observed interannual variability improved substantially when the copepod community size distribution was taken into account each season. The meso‐zooplankton production index was significantly correlated with the ocean survival of hatchery coho salmon from the Oregon production area, although the coastal upwelling index that drove the model was not itself correlated with survival. Meso‐zooplankton production within the summer quarter (July–September) was more strongly correlated with coho survival than was meso‐zooplankton production in the spring quarter (April–June).     

温排水对围隔生态系统各粒级海洋浮游生物的影响

为了评价电厂温排水对海洋浮游生态系统的影响,2010年10月5日—11日于象山港宁海国华电厂附近海域,根据该海域表层海水温度的变化梯度设计围隔实验,测定围隔中各粒级海洋浮游生物生物量(B),呼吸率（R）和初级生产率(P)以及浮游生态系统的总初级生产量与总呼吸量的比值(TPP/TR)和周转率。分析结果表明,在25.20～26.40 ℃,0.25 ℃的温升对各粒级浮游生物的B,R和P的影响均不明显,0.52 ℃的温升对小型和微型浮游生物的R和P均有一定的促进作用,但对B的影响均不明显,对微微型浮游生物的B,R和P的影响不明显;在25.20～26.40 ℃,0.52 ℃的温升使该浮游生态系统的TPP/TR和周转率分别提高了1.2倍和1.5倍。本研究为评价温排水对海洋生态系统的影响提供了一定依据。