Comparing Genetic Characteristics of Retrotransposon TOS17 During Different Tissue Culture Processes in the Rice Cultivars Nipponbare and Shishoubaimao

As a retrotransposon, TOS17 was a useful tool for rice genetic and functional genomic research. To ascertain the feasibility of constructing a TOS17 insertion mutation library in the rice cultivar Shishoubaimao, the genetic and expression characteristics of TOS17 were analyzed. We made solid and suspension tissue cultures and confirmed the copy numbers of TOS17 at different time points in both tissue culture processes by real-time quantitative PCR （RT-qPCR）. Three primary copies of TOS17 were detected in naturally grown Shishoubaimao. TOS17 was activated by tissue culture, and the copy numbers of TOSI7 increased along with a prolonged tissue culture time in both the Nipponbare and the Shishoubaimao cultivars. Therefore, Shishoubaimao is a potential candidate for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library. Compared with Nipponbare, TOS17 was more active in Shishoubaimao during tissue culture. Higher copy numbers of TOS17 were obtained with the suspension tissue culture process than with the solid tissue culture process over the same time courses. We concluded that 3-4 months of suspension tissue culture time is suitable for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library in Shishoubaimao.     

施氮对蜀恢498及其突变体株型和物质生产特性的影响

【目的】分析不同施氮量处理下水稻株型、物质生产以及产量的变化规律,为水稻新品种的选育和栽培管理提供参考。【方法】2015-2016年,以蜀恢498(R498)及其突变体sg1和sg2为材料,采用两因素裂区设计,其中施氮量为主因素(0,90,180 kg/hm~2以下简称为CK,N90,N180),水稻材料为副因素,分析了不同施氮处理下蜀恢498及其突变体节间长度、叶部特征、叶面积指数、高效叶面积率、粒叶比、干物质量、产量及其构成因素的变化。【结果】(1)施氮对R498及其突变体sg1和sg2上部N_1～N_5节间长度均有一定影响,其中N_1、N_2和N_3的节间长度均表现为R498sg1sg2,差异达到显著水平,N_4和N_5节间长度无明显变化规律。在同一节间下,低氮处理(N90)的节间长度与高氮处理(N180)的差异不显著。与CK相比,施氮增加了水稻叶片长度和宽度、单叶面积以及叶面积指数,降低了2016年高效叶面积率。(2)随着施氮量的增加,粒叶比呈降低趋势;3个材料中,sg1的粒叶比最大,比R498和sg2分别高14.97%和34.83%。(3)干物质量随施氮量的增加而增大,N90与N180处理间差异较小。2015-2016年,水稻的产量均表现为R498sg1sg2。R498、sg1和sg2产量均随施氮量的增加而增大。2015和2016年,R498、sg1和sg2 N90处理的产量比N180处理分别减少了14.96%,14.45%,23.77%和2.23%,6.25%,8.66%。有效穗数和千粒质量均表现为R498sg1sg2,而颖花数和着粒密度则表现为sg2sg1R498;施氮对有效穗数影响最大,N90与N180处理间差异总体达到显著水平。(4)2015和2016年,N90处理氮肥偏生产力处理显著高于N180处理。氮肥农学利用率表现为sg2sg1R498,氮肥偏生产力表现为R498sg1sg2。【结论】突变体sg1对氮响应较慢,在水稻育种中有很大的应用价值。在杂交品种选育中,可通过观测不同材料在不同供氮水平下的表现,从而选育出稳产增产的水稻新品种,更好地实现减氮稳产增效。     

毛樱桃红色素的提取及应用研究

以东北毛樱桃为原料,用酸性食用乙醇提取制得樱桃红色素,并对该色素的应用范围进行了研究,结果表明,该色素在酸性条件下对光、热和常用食品添加剂较稳定,是一种价廉易得、安全可靠、使用方便的天然植物色素.     

女贞果实色素特性研究

从女贞果实中提取色素,对其进行分离纯化,测定其光谱;并采用正交设计方法对女贞果实色素的稳定性进行试验.结果表明:女贞果实色素在20℃,pH值2,氧化剂浓度为0.01%的情况下稳定性好;同时表明pH值对其稳定性影响很小;温度达到80℃时该色素受到破坏,氧化剂(H2O2)的浓度很低时(0.01%),色素就会受到破坏.     

A lesion-mimic mutant of wheat with enhanced resistance to leaf rust

A lesion-mimic mutant was obtained from a mutagenic treatment performed with ethyl methanesulfonate on the Argentine bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar Sinvalocho M.A. The HLP (hypersensitive-like phenotype) mutant exhibited tiny, discrete, white lesions in the absence of any pathogen, resembling the typical hypersensitive response (HR). The lesions only became evident once the fifth or sixth leaf emerged, and spread at random along the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the developing plant, including tissues of the spike. Because the lesion-mimic mutant showed no lesions at the seedling stage, the phenotypes of both the mutant and its mother line were identical at this point. Histochemical studies showed that spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions in the HLP mutant corresponded to cell death. In leaf-rust ( Puccinia triticina ) infection experiments performed at seedling and adult-plant stages, adult HLP plants showed enhanced resistance to leaf-rust attack compared with plants of Sinvalocho M.A. of comparable developmental stage, suggesting that the HLP mutation may confer increased resistance to the fungus. Because enhanced resistance coincided with the presence of spontaneous HR lesions, activation of HLP plant defence responses appeared to be tightly linked to this phenomenon. Final plant height and yield components in the lesion-mimic mutant did not differ from those of the mother line, indicating that the HLP mutation caused no detrimental pleiotropic effects that significantly affected agronomic performance. These data support the direct use of mutations in disease-resistance breeding.     

3种不同规模化培养模式对湛江等鞭金藻生产力及色素含量的影响

为进一步提高湛江等鞭金藻室外规模化培养效率,对管道式光生物反应器、聚乙烯桶和水泥池3种微藻室外规模化培养模式下湛江等鞭金藻的藻密度进行了评估比较.试验将接种藻密度控制为10.0×104 cells/mL,培养周期为16 d.结果显示:管道式光生物反应器培养模式下,生产力相对最高为0.0543 g/L/d、比生长速率为0...     

黑玉米色素的提取工艺及特性研究

通过正交实验，以黑玉米吸光度及净重为指标．优选出黑玉米色素提取工艺最佳条件是：pH值为9的蒸馏水，料液比1：15，40℃恒温水浴提取2次．每次lh．对黑玉米色素的稳定性研究结果表明：色素最大吸收波长为2lOnm：该色素具有较强的耐酸性、耐还原性、耐盐性．其在酸性条件下耐光性极佳。     

Effects of Exogenous Cinnamic Acids on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings

In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shandong Mici cucumber were tested. The results showed that seedlings growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane were inhibited by cinnamic acids. The growth and root activities of seedlings were significantly （P〈0.05） lower in the soil amended with 100 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids compared to the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a＋b and carotenoid of seedlings significantly （P〈0.05） decreased in the soil amended with 200 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids, whereas ATPase activities exhibited a higher sensitivity and greatly decreased in the soil amended with 50 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids. These results suggested that cinnamic acids could induce a stress condition, and the stress intensities increased with enhanced cinnamic acid concentration.     

水稻极度分蘖突变体的分离和遗传初步研究

通过EMS诱变处理栽培稻粳灿89(Oryza sative L.indica JX89）种子，从M2代植株中筛选得到一株突变体，其植株形态表现为叶细、色淡、植株矮化和极度分蘖。在将近一年的营养生长过程中，分蘖总数达到2000多个，命名为极度分蘖突变体（Excessive tillering mutant）ext37.ext 37自交所得M3和M4代植株表现同一表型。突变体自交及其与JX89和丰矮占5号（FAZ-5）发杂交F1、F2代结果表明该突变为显性遗传方式，可能涉及两对等位基因。为了观察突变基因对下游基因表达影响的程度，取生长期44天的亲本JX89和突变体ext37的节间分生组织提纯细胞总RNA，进行基因表达谱差异显示分析。结果表明突变体与亲本的基因表达模式有明显的差异，说明可能是处在上游调控基因的突变影响了下游许多基因的表达。目前有关分子生物学的进一步研究正在进行中。