Inheritance of Induced Morphological Mutants in Triticutn monococcum L.

The mode of inheritance of fifteen induced morphological mutants in diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L. was determined. The results showed that earliness, reduced height, uniculm, liguleless branched spike, compact ear, and free-threshing habit of each of these mutants is the result of a single recessive mutation. Red awns and xantha traits are controlled by two recessive genes with duplicate and inhibitory gene interactions, respectively. Some of the early and dwarf mutants were non-allelic. One dwarf GA₃-insensitive mutant with recessive gene action may be a new source. Mutants such as early maturing, dwarf and free threshing habit may be of significance in breeding diploid wheat.     

Inheritance and potentials of a mutated dwarfing gene ndf1 in Brassica napus

A dwarf mutant ‘NDF‐1′, approximately 70 cm high, was derived from a 200‐cm high doubled haploid (DH) line ‘3529’ (Brassica napus), seeds of which were jointly treated with chemical inducers and bombardment of fast neutron. The leaves of the ‘NDF‐1’ mutant were wrinkled and thicker compared with the wild‐type control. The mutant had much lower values than its original parents for all agronomic traits, except for its seed weight. A genetic analysis revealed that dwarfism is under the control of a major gene (designated as ndf1) with a mainly additive effect and non‐significant dominance effect. Because of the high level of resistance to lodging, breeding programmes for double low dwarf oilseed rape and heterosis utilization were initiated. Some new dwarf strains with improved agronomic performance were developed. The hybrid of the cross between the tall parent and the dwarf line showed increased harvest index and significantly higher seed yield than the tall parent or the control variety ‘Zhongyou 821’ and presented an estimated heterosis vigour rate as high as 12.5–25.8%. The dwarf trait will be a promising marker for a simple, economic and efficient way to control the purity of F₁ hybrid varieties in hybrid production of B. napus.     

Discovery of a new gene causing dark green cotyledons and pathway of pigment synthesis in lentil (Lens culinaris Medik)

A new gene is reported which functions as a master gene for synthesis of the pigments determining cotyledon colour in lentil. This gene is different from the two earlier reported genes which are responsible for synthesis of yellow (gene Y) and brown (gene B) pigments. Double recessive homozygous condition of these two genes results into loss of both pigments and, consequently, produces light green cotyledons. The new gene, in contrast, produces dark green cotyledons in recessive condition irrespective of the dominance or recessive state of the Y and B genes. It is hypothesized that the new gene for dark green cotyledon colour (Dg) acts at an earlier stage in the biosynthesis of the two cotyledon-specific pigments, which are derived from a common precursor, whose synthesis is blocked when Dg mutates to its recessive condition. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A new gene for resistance in rice to Asian rice gall midge (Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason) biotype 1 population at Raipur, India

The Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae Wood Mason (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a major pest of rice in several South and South East Asian countries. The maggots feed internally on the growing tips of the tillers and transform them into tubular galls, onion leaf-like structures called ‘silver shoots’ resulting into severe yield loss to the rice crop. We studied the mode of inheritance and allelic relationships of the resistance genes involved in resistant donor Line 9, a sib of a susceptible cultivar ‘Madhuri’. The segregation behaviour of F₁, F₂ and F₃ populations of the cross between Line 9 and susceptible cultivar MW10 confirmed the presence of a single dominant gene for resistance. Tests of allelism with all the known genes giving resistance to this population indicated that Line 9 possessed a new gene which was designated Gm 9 This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic analysis of presence and absence of lint and fuzz in cotton

Cotton fibre mutants that were fuzzless and/or lintless were crossed with each other and a normal genotype (fuzzy, linted) to produce F₂ and BC₁ generations. F₂ segregation ratios from the cross of fuzzless‐lintless × fuzzy‐linted, for fuzzy‐linted, fuzzless‐linted and fuzzless‐lintless were 45 : 15 : 4. From the cross of fuzzless‐lintless × fuzzy‐linted, the F₂ segregation ratios were 9 : 39 : 16 whereas the BC₁F₁ segregation ratios from the F₁ backcrossed to fuzzless‐lintless were 1 : 3 : 4. These data suggest that the presence or absence of lint and fuzz are controlled by the interaction of four gene loci on non‐homologous chromosomes. We designate these loci as N₁, N₂, Li₃ and Li₄, where N₁ N₁ confers the presence of fuzzy, N₂N₂ confers inhibition of fuzzy initiation and development, and duplicate gene pairs, Li₃Li₃ and Li₄Li₄, determine the presence of lint. Homozygosity for li₃li₃ and li₄li₄ might also inhibit fuzz from development. In other words, they were recessive epistatic to fuzz genes.     

水稻极度分蘖突变体的分离和遗传初步研究

通过EMS诱变处理栽培稻粳灿89(Oryza sative L.indica JX89）种子，从M2代植株中筛选得到一株突变体，其植株形态表现为叶细、色淡、植株矮化和极度分蘖。在将近一年的营养生长过程中，分蘖总数达到2000多个，命名为极度分蘖突变体（Excessive tillering mutant）ext37.ext 37自交所得M3和M4代植株表现同一表型。突变体自交及其与JX89和丰矮占5号（FAZ-5）发杂交F1、F2代结果表明该突变为显性遗传方式，可能涉及两对等位基因。为了观察突变基因对下游基因表达影响的程度，取生长期44天的亲本JX89和突变体ext37的节间分生组织提纯细胞总RNA，进行基因表达谱差异显示分析。结果表明突变体与亲本的基因表达模式有明显的差异，说明可能是处在上游调控基因的突变影响了下游许多基因的表达。目前有关分子生物学的进一步研究正在进行中。     

水稻PCD相关基因的定位研究

植物中的细胞程序化死亡(PCD)在植物的发育、抗病及植物与环境互作等过程中发挥着极其重要的作用.本研究以我国学者发现的特殊的水稻细胞死亡控制突变体3037(M)为材料, 采用微卫星DNA标记 (共计159个微卫星引物) 技术对突变体性状进行基因定位研究.结果表明, 该突变体PCD基因位于水稻的第8染色体和第12染色体,为下一步精细定     

理化因素对桑果色素性质的影响

桑树(Morus abla L.)为桑科(Moraceae)桑属(Morus L.)植物,我国栽培历史悠久,分布广泛[1]。桑果(Mulberry)为桑树的果实,含花色苷类化合物,同时含有维生素、糖、氨基酸、矿物质等营养成分,是开发天然色素的良好材料[2-3]。天然色素使用安全,色泽自然,多具有一定的营养和保健作用,对保护人们健康和促进食品工业发展具有重要意义[1]。但天然色素     

木霉的空间诱变效应

本文对产纤维素酶的木霉菌孢子和斜面培养菌体搭载中国第18颗返回式卫星后,菌落形态和产酶能力的变化进行了研究。实验结果表明,搭载菌株的菌落形态发生变异,菌株的生长周期出现了缩短或延长的现象。对搭载的木霉菌株进行筛选,获得3株产酶能力大幅度提高的优良突变菌株,产酶能力提高了50%以上,且性状遗传稳定。     

不同氮磷钾肥配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响

研究了不同氮磷钾配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响,2008年在河南省洛宁县王岭现代烟草示范基地,以中烟100为材料,研究了氮、磷、钾肥配施对烤烟质体色素及其降解产物含量的影响.结果表明:不施肥处理烟叶质体色素及其降解产物含量都较低;氮、磷、钾任意两种肥料配施均可以不同程度提高烤烟质体色素及其降解产物的含量;氮磷...