艾纳香脱氢酶基因家族的生物信息学分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE（Rapid amplification of cDNA ends）技术,从艾纳香（Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC.）叶片中克隆到4条编码艾纳香脱氢酶（BbADH1、BbADH2、BbADH3、BbADH4）基因的cDNA序列,并对4条核苷酸及其编码的氨基酸序列进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:4条艾纳香脱氢酶序列开放阅读框均在900 bp左右,蛋白质等电点（pI）值在5.0~9.0之间,含量最多的氨基酸为亮氨酸（Leu）,最少的为色氨酸（Try）,具有明显的疏水区和亲水区,N端未发现信号肽,且无跨膜区;同源性比对结果显示,艾纳香BbADH蛋白与其他植物中ADH蛋白具有高度的相似性,且具有脱氢酶的特征功能域;系统发育分析表明,艾纳香（B. balsamifera (L.) DC.）BbADH1和BbADH3同处于一个分支,且与胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）PeADH物种亲缘关系较近,而艾纳香BbADH4和BbADH2处于不同分支,且分别与葡萄（Vitis vinifera）VvADH和烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）NtADH物种亲缘关系较近。     

Paraphoma root rot of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Inner Mongolia,China

Root rot symptoms were observed in fields of alfalfa in Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, China in 2016. Disease incidences of seven alfalfa varieties planted in 2014 ranged from 56% to 95%, while incidence of Gongnong No. 1 planted in 2016 was 8%, 31% and 76% in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. Paraphoma isolates were consistently recovered from black necrotic root tissues of diseased plants with a frequency of 77.1%. Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) and β-tubulin (TUB), this fungus was identified as Paraphoma radicina. Glasshouse pathogenicity experiments showed that P. radicina significantly reduced above- and below-ground biomass of alfalfa plants 2 months after inoculation. Paraphoma radicina infected 70% of the plants inoculated with a root dip in conidia, and these symptoms were consistent with the symptoms in the field. Paraphoma radicina was successfully reisolated from disease roots of the inoculated alfalfa plants. This is the first report of P. radicina as the causal agent of alfalfa root rot in China.     

四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定

 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。     

竹花叶病毒浙江麻竹分离物全基因组序列及siRNA分析

正已知有3种病毒可在自然条件下侵染竹类植物,即竹花叶病毒(bamboo mosaic virus,BaMV)~[1]、樱桃坏死锈斑驳病毒(cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus,CNRMV)和苹果茎沟病毒(apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)~[2,3]。其中,BaMV是最早在巴西的金竹(Bambusa vulgaris Cv.)和孝顺竹     

传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒地方株HN01的分离鉴定及分子系统进化分析

用分离的疑为鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)超强毒(vvIBDV)地方分离株HN01,经处理后接种SPF鸡,36h后接种鸡开始发病,发病率为100%,死亡率为70%以上。剖检可见与野外病例相同的病理变化,如肌肉、腺胃、心脏出血,法氏囊水肿且多呈"紫葡萄"样外观。经血清学试验、毒力试验、鸡胚接种试验、分子生物学和电镜形态学观察均证明该分离物为超强毒株,从而证明河南省鸡群中存在不同于IBDV一般强毒株、经典株和变异株的超强毒株。通过对IBDV不同毒株VP2基因高变区氨基酸序列的聚类分析发现,HN01与华南超强毒株G9201、欧洲超强毒株UK661关系最接近,而与HK46,OKYM,D6948,UPM92-04和KS等毒株关系依次渐远。     

Phylogenetic Relationships of Sorghum and Related Species Inferred from Sequence Analysis of the nrDNA ITS Region

Analysis of phylogenetic and evolution in six species of Sorghum was based on internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequences in nuclear ribosomal DNA. Results showed that the length of the ITS regions among the six species ranged from 588 to 589 bp and the contents of G＋C in ITS （ITS1 ＋5.8S＋ITS2） regions ranged from 60.27 to 61.05%; the length of ITS1 ranged from 207 to 208 bp and the contents of G ＋ C in the ITS 1 regions ranged from 53.91 to 61.54%. The length of the 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 regions in the six species was 164 and 217 bp respectively, and the contents of G ＋ C ranged from 56.10 to 58.54% in the 5.8S rDNA region and 66.36 to 67,28% in the ITS2 region. Among regions of ITS, ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S, the best sequence for genetic relationship analysis in the six species was the ITS region. On the basis of the Jaccard coefficient and phylogentic tree, S. sp. was more related to S, propinguum than to other species. This was consistent with the fact that S. sp. is derived from S. propinguum. From the phylogenetic tree based on ITS1, S. halepense, silk sorghum and S. sudanense, are identical in the ITS 1 sequence, whereas the phylogenetic tree based one shows that S. sudanense has a closer genetic association with S. almum rather than with S. halepense and silk sorghum.     

鸭Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒YH99V株F基因的克隆和序列分析

从患病鸭群中分离到一株引起鸭产蛋锐减而不死亡的病毒,经鉴定该病毒属于Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒,命名为YH99V株。以YH99V株的基因组RNA为模板,用RT-PCR一步法扩增出其F基因的cDNA序列,然后将其克隆至pMD18-T载体中,对其进行序列测定。结果表明,所克隆的基因片段长度为1 750 bp,含有1个1 662bp的开放式阅读框架(ORF),编码553个氨基酸。将YH99V株F基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与国内外新城疫毒株的F基因相应序列比较后发现,它们的核苷酸序列同源性分别在82.7%-99.6%,氨基酸序列同源性为87.2%-99.3%。YH99V株在F蛋白裂解位点区的氨基酸序列与弱毒株在这一区域的序列完全相同,表明为弱毒株。根据F基因的全核苷酸序列,进一步绘制了Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒株F基因的系统发育树。分析结果显示YH99V株与Lasota等参考毒株同属于基因Ⅱ型,表明它们具有较近的亲缘关系。     

苦竹类植物RAPD分析及其系统学意义

利用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术,分析了苦竹类植物中产于日本的大明竹Ｐｌｅｉｏｂｌａｓｔｕｓ ｇｒａｍｉｎｅｕｓ（Ｂｅａｎ）Ｎａｋａｉ、、长苦竹Ｐｌ．ｓｉｍｏｎｉｉ（Ｃａｒｒ．）Ｎａｋａｉ,中国产的苦竹Ｐｌ．ａｍａｒｕ（Ｋｅｎｇ）Ｋｅｎｇｆ．、宜兴苦竹Ｐｌ．ｙｉｘｉｎｇｅｎｉｓ Ｃｈｕ ＆Ｃｈａｏ、斑苦竹Ｐｌ．ｍａｃｕｌａｔｕ（ＭｃＣｌ．）Ｃｈｕ＆Ｃｈａｏ。采用２０个引物（１０ｂｐ）进行扩增出的ＤＮＡ片段,用于种间遗传相似性分析。结果表明：（１）苦竹与宜兴苦竹关系密切;（２）大明竹与其它４种关系较远;（３）形态为分上将中、日产苦竹分成两类没有得到ＲＡＰＤ分析的支持。     

球孢白僵菌菌种退化及其对马尾松毛虫防治的影响

球孢白僵菌继代培养中通过菌落局变产生不同类型分离株。本试验检测结果显示此类分离株多表现为产孢量下降、速率增加,毒力降低等与生产性善良爱化类似的变异现象,少数产孢量高,毒力强的分离株,因其生长速率慢即在培养中被掩盖而消失,并据此推断出继代培养次数对该菌退化速率的影响,提出了控制该菌菌种退化的有效措施。