用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测动物源性食品中头孢喹肟残留

建立了动物源性食品中头孢喹肟残留量检测的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。样品经乙腈水溶液提取后,用C18固相萃取柱净化、浓缩。头孢喹肟残留量在10～500μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9996。方法检测限为1 ng/g,定量限为5 ng/g。猪肌肉在5～100 ng/g空白添加浓度范围内平均回收率为57.7%～69.4%,RSD为6.68%～13.41%,猪肝在5～100 ng/g空白添加浓度范围内平均回收率为50.6%～58.6%,RSD为5.13%～12.42%,牛奶在5～40 ng/g空白添加浓度范围内中平均回收率为59.2%～65.3%,RSD为6.12%～13.26%。     

携带显性半矮秆基因粳型光(温)敏核不育系的配合力分析

为了明确水稻显性半矮秆基因导入不育系后对配组一代主要农艺性状的影响,对新育成的粳稻光(温)敏核不育系D1S和D2S作配合力分析。结果表明:两个显矮光敏核不育系主要农艺性状的配合力多优于对照不育系培矮64S。因此只要选择一定类型的恢复系与D1S和D2S配组,两个显矮光敏核不育系均能获得强优势杂交稻组合。     

砒砂岩区不同灌木根系构型及根系抗拉对比

对砒砂岩区各主要灌木树种根系形态进行定量研究,探究哪种水土保持植物可以有效地抵抗砒砂岩区的复合型侵蚀,以该区分布较广的灌木树种沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)、酸枣(Ziziphusjujuba M.)、连翘(Forsythia suspensa V.)、文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolium B.)、黄刺玫(Rosaxanthina L.)和蒙古扁桃(Amygdalus mongolica R.)单株个体为研究对象,对其根系分布范围、几何形态,拓扑指数、单根力学特性,降维进行综合分析,筛选出在砒砂岩地区固土效果较好的灌木植物。结果表明:(1)文冠果和连翘以倾斜根为主,沙棘、酸枣、黄刺玫和蒙古扁桃以水平根为主;细根长文冠果(2 368.54 cm)＞沙棘(1 746.12 cm)＞黄刺玫(1 463.15 cm)＞蒙古扁桃(1 162.81 cm)＞酸枣(928.69 cm)＞连翘(817.45 cm);文冠果拓扑指数0.54且根系呈叉状分支结构;连翘拓扑指数0.71且呈鱼尾型分支结构。(2)根系平均抗拉强度文冠果(30.45 MPa)＞黄刺玫(18.21 MPa)＞连翘(17.03 MPa)＞蒙古扁桃(16.62 MPa)＞酸枣(16.34 MPa)＞沙棘(15.35 MPa)。基于主成分分析法对不同灌木树种根系固土效应进行对比,其中,文冠果的综合主成分指标最高达到2.28,则综合固土效果最好。研究结果可为砂岩地区选出适宜的土保持灌木,同时为灌木林的可持续发展提供理论参考。     

黑龙江杂交粳稻产量相关性状配合力及遗传参数分析

按照不完全双列杂交(NCII)设计,以6个恢复系为父本、3个不育系为母本共配制18个杂交粳稻组合,分析了产量相关性状的配合力及遗传参数.结果 表明,杂交组合的产量和结实率受母本的影响大于父本,每穗实粒数更多地依赖恢复系,穴穗数和千粒重则受双亲的共同影响.遗传分析表明,主要受基因加性效应影响的性状为穗实粒数,主要受非加性...     

卤鸭肝肫软罐头的研制

本产品以鸭肝肫为原料，经卤制、切片、灭菌等加工工艺制成鸭肝肫软罐头，该产品开袋即食，营养丰富，风味独特。     

Increased anthocyanin content in purple pericarp × blue aleurone wheat crosses

Due to their antioxidant activity, anthocyanins are of increasing interest for nutritionists, food scientists and plant breeders. Anthocyanins in wheat grains are expressed in either the pericarp or aleurone layer. Previous studies revealed that different anthocyanins are present in wheat varieties carrying genes for either the purple pericarp or the blue aleurone trait. Progeny from crosses between red‐, purple‐ and blue‐grained wheat varieties were selected over several cycles for grain colour by visual scoring. Bulked F₅ grains were evaluated for their total anthocyanin content by UV‐VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC‐MS. The results demonstrate that it is possible to increase the anthocyanin content by the combination of the different genetic backgrounds for purple pericarp and blue aleurone, even though the majority of progeny were within the range of the purple‐ and blue‐grained check varieties. Visual scoring for grain colour is efficient, reliable and fast for selection in early breeding generations. Advanced breeding lines with high anthocyanin content can be identified by simple extraction methods and spectrophotometric measurements.     

The Effectiveness of HA-GGE Biplot Application in Analyzing the Data from the National Cotton Cultivar Regional Trial in the Yangtze River Valley

A large number of regional crop trials have demonstrated the ubiquitous existence of genotype × environment interactions (G×E), which make it complicated to select superior cultivars and identify the ideal testing sites. The GGE (genotype main effect plus genotype × environment interaction) biplot is the most powerful statistical and graphical displaying tool available for regional crop trial dataset analysis. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the biplot in evaluating the high and stable yields of candidate cultivars simultaneously, and in delineating the most adaptive planting region, analyzing trial location discrimination ability and representativeness, and identifying the ideal cultivar and trial locations. The lint cotton yield dataset with nine experimental genotypes and 17 test locations (three replicates in each) was collected from the national cotton regional trial in the Yangtze River Valley (YaRV) in 2012. The results showed that: (1) the effects of genotype (G), environment (E), and genotype × environment interaction (G×E) were significant (P < 0.01) for lint cotton yield. Differences among environments accounted for 78.7% of the treatment total variation in the sum of squares, whereas the genotype main effect accounted for 8.7%, and the genotype × environment interaction accounted for 12.6%. (2) The “ideal cultivar” and “ideal location” view of the HA-GGE biplot identified Zhongcj408 (G2) and Nannon12 (G9) as the best ideal genotypes; Cixi in Zhejiang Province and Jiangling in Hubei Province were the most ideal locations.(3) The “which-won-where” view of the biplot outlined the adaptive planting region for each experimental cultivar. (4) The “similarity among locations” view clustered the trial locations into four groups, among of which the two outlier locations, Shehong (SH) and Chengdu (QBJ), located in Shichuan Basin in the upper reaches of YaRV, were clustered in one group, whereas the Nanyang (NY) of Henan Province at the northern edge of YaRV was singled out as a sole group. Such location clustering results implied an apparent association with the geographical environment.     

西藏高校食品毒理学课程教学中的几点体会

针对在西藏高校进行食品毒理学教学时遇到的实际问题,结合西藏高校学生的学习特点及藏区独特的高原环境,对食品毒理学的理论教学及相应的实验教学谈出自己的体会并提出几点建议,旨在提高食品毒理学的理论教学水平和实验课的教学效果,为培养适合西藏发展的优秀食品人才提供良好的平台。     

龙岩市新罗区10个水稻品种再生能力的比较

在龙岩市新罗区,采用单因素随机区组试验方法,比较宜优673、天优673、内优航148、两优616、两优667、宜优115、川香优6号、金农2优3号、中浙优1号和中浙优8号共10个水稻品种的再生能力,并分析了各品种再生产量性状间的相关关系。结果表明,宜优115、内优航148、宜优673不仅头季稻产量高,且再生能力强,可作为当地再生稻的圭推品种;头季稻有效穗与再生稻有效穗呈显著正相关,再生稻有效穗与再生稻产量呈极显著正相关。     

玉米耐旱性的配合力分析

采用完全双列杂交Griffing方法Ⅰ,分析不同耐旱性双亲组合类型对后代耐旱性的影响及其亲本间耐旱性的一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和反交效应,同时对耐旱性主要遗传参数进行分析.结果表明,玉米耐旱性的GCA效应存在显著差异,SCA效应存在极显著差异,反交(R)效应的差异不显著,6个亲本之间的耐旱性存在明显差异,其中郑58耐旱性最强,PH4CV最差.用郑58、吉853、新自8717作耐旱亲本改良对后代耐旱性提高具有增益优势.基因的加性效应对后代耐旱性的提高因亲本和组合而异.因此,耐旱性遗传基因的表达仅取决于加性效应和非加性效应,而与反交效应关系较小,玉米耐旱性的选择宜在高代进行.