基于形态与分子数据鉴定苹果异胫小卷蛾

采用DNA条形码技术,对珠海出入境检验检疫局从南非进口的鲜橙和鲜葡萄中截获的3头卷蛾幼虫进行分子鉴定,采用通用引物LC01490/HC02198对其线粒体C0I基因的部分序列进行PCR扩增和测序,并与GenBank数据库和DNA条形码数据库BOLDSYSTEMS v3中的已知序列比对,结果与GenBank中20条苹果异胫小卷蛾的序列同源性达99％以上,与BOLDSYSTEMS v3中46条苹果异胫小卷蛾的序列同源性达99％.结合幼虫的形态特征,综合判定该幼虫为苹果异胫小卷蛾Thaumatotibia leucotreta.     

绵羊乳突类圆线虫病的诊断及虫种鉴定

对河南省新乡市某羊场疑似乳突类圆线虫病的绵羊进行了临床检查,取其粪便采用饱和盐水漂浮法检查,斯陶尔氏虫卵计数法计数,幼虫进行培养与鉴定等。结果表明,病羊粪便中有大量疑似乳突类圆线虫虫卵,对虫卵培养后,根据幼虫大小、虫体形态学观察确诊为绵羊乳突类圆线虫病。     

Effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, growth and survival of early-stage grouper Epinephelus coioides larvae

ABSTRACT: A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity, aeration and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage Epinephelus coioides larvae. Newly hatched larvae were transferred to 40-L aquaria at a density of 1500 individuals/aquarium. Larvae were exposed to different levels of aeration (0 mL/min per L, 0.62 mL/min per L, 1.25 mL/min per L, 2.50 mL/min per L, or 3.75 mL/min per L); salinity (8 ppt, 16 ppt, 24 ppt, 32 ppt, or 40 ppt); and light intensity (0 lx, 120 lx, 230 lx, 500 lx, or 700 lx) for 4–6 days. Twenty larvae were sampled daily at 11:00 hours to measure for total length (TL), oil globule volume, and feeding incidence. Survival rates were determined by counting the total number of larvae remaining in each aquarium at the end of the experiment. Significantly higher survival rates ( P   <  0.05) were observed at aeration levels of 0.62 mL/min per L and 1.25 mL/min per L, at salinity levels of 16 ppt and 24 ppt, and at light intensities of 500 lx and 700 lx. The influence of aeration level, salinity and light intensity on oil globule absorption, feeding incidence, and growth and survival of early-stage grouper larvae are discussed.     

Embryonation and infectivity of Ascaris suum eggs. A comparison of eggs collected from worm uteri with eggs isolated from pig faeces

Ascaris suum eggs were collected from pig faeces or dissected from worms obtained from the same pigs. Eggs from the two sources were allowed to embryonate in 0.1 N H2SO4, in 1% buffered formalin or in tap water. The embryonation of the sulphuric acid and water cultures occurred at the same speed, while the formalin cultures developed slightly more slowly. By experimental inoculation of helminth-free pigs and subsequent counting of white spots in the livers and larvae in the lungs day 7 p.i., the infectivity of eggs dissected from worm uteri and embryonated in sulphuric acid (a normal laboratory procedure) was compared with that of eggs collected from faeces and embryonated in water (i.e. more naturally developed eggs). The results suggest that the two types of eggs were equally infective. For this reason the common practice of using Ascaris eggs dissected from worms for experimental infections might be acceptable.     

闽南地区牛,羊消化道8种线虫幼虫的形态观察

取闽南地区牛、羊消化道常见的８种线虫幼虫，对它们进行了形态学观察及比较，以期提供用于生前诊断的参考资料，     

工蜂对卵和幼虫性别识别能力的观察与研究

本研究通过改变雄性卵与幼虫的孵化和哺育状态，观察工蜂对这些卵和幼虫的接受情况，探讨工蜂对卵和幼虫性别的识别能力。结果表明，工蜂对卵和大龄幼虫性别的识别能力较强，而对1-3日龄小幼虫的性别的识别能力较弱。     

马尾松毛虫越冬幼虫简易序贯抽样模型研究

采用指数曲线拟合方法，研究了马尾松毛虫越冬3－4龄幼虫的p-m关系，得其关系方程为m=0.0431e^6.5703p，制作了p-m简易估计相关数表，以此基础上，采用马占山（1988）的简易序贯抽亲决策模型进行了简易序贯抽样分析，制作了简易序贯抽样分析图、表。另外，本文还提出了“基本抽样数”的概念及其计算公式：qmin=tα^2Pt/(1-Pt）。     

单、复式移虫育王对王台接受率和蜂王初生重的影响

对单、复２种不同形式移虫育王的王台接受率和蜂王初生重进行了对比试验．试验结果显示：（１）单式移虫的王台接受率（５８．１１％）与复式移虫的王台接受率（６２．６７％）差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；（２）单式移虫育出的蜂王初生重（Ｘ＝２３５．９６ｍｇ）与复式移虫育出的蜂王初生重（Ｘ＝２４１．５７ｍｇ）差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）．据此，我们认为培育蜂王应采用单式移虫以省工省时．     

五种寡毛实蝇幼虫的染色体组型鉴别研究

枯小实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) dorsalis,芒果实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) occipitalis,番石榴实蝇 Dacus(Bactrocera) correctus,南瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) tau,和瓜实蝇 Dacus(Zeugodacus) cucurbitae 等5种寡毛实蝇3龄幼虫的脑细胞染色体组型,其染色体数目为12者居多,可配染色体均分别为5对,另1对为性染色体。根据试验结果显示,5种实蝇3龄幼虫的染色体组型有不同。     

Development,Survival and Availability of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep and Pastures in a Semi-arid Area of Kajiado District of Kenya

A study was carried out on a ranch in the semi-arid area of Kajiado District in Kenya during the period July 2000 to June 2001 to determine the seasonal patterns of development and survival of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep on pastures. A series of plots were contaminated with sheep faeces every month and pasture samples were collected weekly for the recovery and identification of larvae. The availability of infective larvae on naturally contaminated pastures was also monitored on the paddocks grazed by sheep and around the night pen and the watering point every month from July 2000 to June 2001. The results from the examination of the pasture samples indicated that rainfall distribution was the major factor governing the development and survival of the pre-parasitic stages. No parasitic larvae were detected from the plots contaminated during the dry months from July to October 2000, but development and translocation of infective larvae on pastures occurred on plots contaminated during the rainy seasons and soon after when relatively high moisture was present in the herbage (November 2000 to June 2001). During this period, peak larval counts occurred between the first and the second week post contamination, then declined to undetectable levels between week 4 and 16 post contamination. The lack of development of infective larvae during the dry season and the relatively rapid decline of their population during the wet season presents an opportunity for the use of pasture spelling as a means of helminth control in the study area. The availability of infective larvae on naturally contaminated pastures, around the night pen and around the watering point also followed the rainfall distribution pattern. Infective larvae were consistently recovered around the watering point throughout the study period. This indicated that the point is an important source of infection for sheep, especially during the dry season when other pastures are non-infective.