Effects of dietary Tenebrio molitor meal inclusion in free‐range chickens

Insects are currently being considered as a novel protein source for animal feeds, because they contain a large amount of protein. The larvae of Tenebrio molitor (TM) have been shown to be an acceptable protein source for broiler chickens in terms of growth performance, but till now, no data on histological or intestinal morphometric features have been reported. This study has had the aim of evaluating the effects of dietary TM inclusion on the performance, welfare, intestinal morphology and histological features of free‐range chickens. A total of 140 medium‐growing hybrid female chickens were free‐range reared and randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: (i) a control group and (ii) a TM group, in which TM meal was included at 75 g/kg. Each group consisted of five pens as replicates, with 14 chicks per pen. Growth performance, haematological and serum parameters and welfare indicators were evaluated, and the animals were slaughtered at the age of 97 days. Two birds per pen (10 birds/treatment) were submitted to histological (liver, spleen, thymus, bursa of Fabricius, kidney, heart, glandular stomach and gut) and morphometric (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) investigations. The inclusion of TM did not affect the growth performance, haematological or serum parameters. The morphometric and histological features were not significantly affected either, thus suggesting no influence on nutrient metabolization, performance or animal health. Glandular stomach alterations (chronic flogosis with epithelial squamous metaplasia) were considered paraphysiological in relation to free‐range farming. The observed chronic intestinal flogosis, with concomitant activation of the lymphoid tissue, was probably due to previous parasitic infections, which are very frequently detected in free‐range chickens. In conclusion, the findings of this study show that yellow mealworm inclusion does not affect the welfare, productive performances or morphological features of free‐range chickens, thus confirming that TM can be used safely in poultry diets.     

功能性杂粮膨化食品的研制

选用苦荞、燕麦、杂豆等山西特色杂粮为主要原料,有针对性地强化苦荞的黄酮、燕麦膳食纤维等功能性营养因子,研制出可降低血脂、调节血压和润肠通便等专用系列杂粮膨化保健食品。     

摆动式花生收获机整体载荷的试验与分析

从理论上建立了摆动式花生收获机的空间力系模型.在此基础上,围绕摆动式花生收获机的主要试验参数-传动速比、偏心距、栅条长度与前进速度的改变进行了摆动式花生收获机整体载荷的试验.试验证明:花生收获机在工作时所受载荷平衡,通过二次回归旋转组合试验测定整体载荷随4因素的变化规律是显著的,结合花生收获机的实际工作条件分析了回归方程的适用范围.本试验为摆动式花生收获机在功率消耗、力的平衡等方面的进一步改进提供了依据.     

花生旋挖机概念设计

分析了我国目前花生收获机械的优缺点,对其存在的原理性缺陷提出了改进措施.挖掘前进行割蔓处理,用旋挖铲代替传统的牵引式挖掘铲,辅之以红外线花生稞识别技术,可降低挖掘功耗,提高挖掘后的花生果筛分效果;同时,结合花生的物性特征对旋挖部件的运动学参数进行了详细地理论分析,并给出了理想旋挖机的作业方式及功能模块图,为改善目前花生挖掘机械的挖掘效果提供了全新的设计思路.     

新型花生免耕施肥播种机研制

针对国内花生机械播种机普遍存在缠绕壅堵、出苗不均匀等问题,设计一种新型花生免耕施肥播种机。该机设计新型的破茬清茬防缠绕刀具,并采用同位施肥技术,可一次性完成秸秆粉碎、开沟播种、施肥、覆土镇压等作业。田间试验结果表明:该免耕施肥播种机通过性能良好,有效地解决了秸秆对缠绕壅堵问题。播种、施肥深度合格率和变异系数分别为96%、92%和19.5%、15.6%,作业质量符合农艺要求。     

花生根瘤愈伤组织的诱导和分化

生长健壮的花生根瘤在CLS培养基上诱导出愈伤组织，形成愈伤组织的频率达到26．5－46．6％。瘤愈伤组织能多次继代，生长良好，在分化培养基D－57和D－59上已分化形成了根，其生根频率分别为56％和78％。显微观察表明，愈伤组织分化的具有正常根的解剖结构。     

贵州花生新品种(系)的丰产性与稳产性分析

利用非参数度量法对2003~2004年贵州省花生区域试验资料进行了丰产性与稳产性分析。结果表明:试点设置是合理的;油育94-13的丰产性和稳产性好于其它组合(品种);油育94-2013、黔花024两组合丰产性好,但稳产性较差。     

山东花生生产当前主要问题、成因及发展对策

在分析目前山东花生生产的主要问题和成因的基础上,提出了平衡科研投入,注重高潜力品种的选育,栽培技术突出物化创新,进一步开发旱薄地增产技术,深入研究影响花生食品安全性的主要因子,切实建好以无公害栽培为主体的优质花生生产基地等发展对策。     

花生太空诱变育种研究初报

2003年利用返回式卫星搭载花生品种粤油7号种子,回收返地后种植。田间试验结果显示,SP1代未出现显著的变异,但在SP2和SP3中发现荚果大小、形状和种皮颜色等变异。太空诱变为开发新的花生种质和有用的基因提供了有效的方法。     

氮、磷、钾、钙肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响

在田间试验条件下研究了N、P、K、Ca肥不同用量对花生光合性能及产量品质的影响,结果表明,施N、P、K、Ca肥可提高花生叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率;对叶片光合性能的改善作用,N肥主要在前期、P肥在中后期、K肥和Ca肥前后期比较一致。施肥可明显提高花生荚果产量,且施N肥处理随施肥量的增加产量显著提高,施P、K、Ca肥处理以中等施肥量(P150、K300、Ca300)产量最高。施肥可不同程度地提高花生籽仁脂肪、粗蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,改善花生籽仁品质。对花生籽仁品质的改善作用,P肥最大,其次是N和Ca肥,K肥的作用不明显,施K肥过多(K450)还会明显降低脂肪含量。施用Ca肥能提高花生籽仁中油酸亚油酸比值(O/L),K肥可提高花生籽仁可溶性糖含量。