Congenital limb abnormality in a Thoroughbred foal in Trinidad

A congenital defect of the right hindlimb of a 36‐h‐old Thoroughbred foal as reported for the first time in Trinidad, West Indies. The foal was subjected to euthanasia and radiographs of both hindlimbs revealed that the bones distal to P1 of the right hindlimb only, were missing. Insertion of both the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons were found to be on the most proximal aspect of P1. Necropsy revealed no other congential defects.     

Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females. Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.     

Prevalence of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy and other myopathies in two equine populations in the United Kingdom

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM) in two populations of horses in the UK. Biopsy specimens from 94 horses presented to an abattoir (population 1), and 46 horses with neuromuscular disorders presented to a university referral hospital (population 2) were obtained over a period of 4 years. Histological sections were examined by a veterinary pathologist for lesions including abnormal polysaccharide inclusions in myofibres.In population 1, a diagnosis of EPSM was made in 8% and non-specific myopathy in 33% of horses. In population 2, a diagnosis of EPSM was made in 22%, equine motor neurone disease (EMND) in 15% and non-specific myopathy in 37%. Within each population there was no difference in age, sex or breed distribution and muscle disease diagnosis. However, populations differed from each other in age and breed distributions and muscle disease diagnosis. EPSM was found in draft, Warmblood and related breeds and was diagnosed for the first time in cob-types. EMND was reported in 7/46 horses presented for neuromuscular disease and weakness, representing an important diagnosis in the UK. This study showed a high prevalence of EPSM and other myopathies in typical breeds of horses in the UK.     

Epitheliocystis in fish

Epitheliocystis is a condition affecting the gills and skin of fish, which has been reported from more than 50 freshwater and marine species. It is caused by intracellular Gram-negative bacteria. Mortalities have been associated with epitheliocystis infections in cultured fish. This review provides an update of our current understanding of this condition, including characterization of the pathogen using immunohistochemical and molecular studies. In most fish species the epitheliocystis agent was negative to an antibody specific for chlamydial genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen. Recently, four epitheliocystis agents from four different fish species have been characterized using molecular analysis. While they all belong to the order Chlamydiales, in a lineage separate from the Chlamydiaceae, they are distinct organisms and similarity analysis showed that they had highest similarity values with other chlamydia-like bacteria isolated from various sources, including humans or pig. This confirms the high diversity and host specificity of the pathogen. Further molecular analysis should result in an increased understanding of this condition. To date the pathogen has not been cultured, making experimental studies difficult. High stocking densities, presence of nutrients, season, temperature and fish age have been identified as potential risk factors for the manifestation of this condition.     

86例猝死尸检的临床病理学研究

目的分析猝死的临床病理学特征,为猝死的诊断和预防提供依据。方法收集86例猝死案例的尸体解剖资料,分析猝死的临床病理学特征和发生的性别、年龄、季节、诱因、主要病症等相互之间的关系。结果86例猝死经尸检病理诊断为心源性猝死的有58例（58/86,67.4%）,其中冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病占心源性猝死的51.7%（30/58）,心律失常性右心室心肌病占心源性猝死的10.3%（6/58）。结论猝死中心源性猝死最常见。科学系统的尸检可以明确猝死的原因,可为医学鉴定和解决医疗纠纷提供可靠的依据,并对提高医疗质量,做到早期诊断和治疗心血管系统疾病,减少猝死的发生起着重要的作用。     

显微切割技术应用领域及研究进展

综述了显微切割技术在医学、分子病理学、刑侦及植物育种中的应用情况。     

《农业植物病理学》实验教学方法的探索

介绍了《农业植物病理学》实验教学的概况,指出了存在的问题,提出了相应的解决的对策与建议,并分析了已经取得的成效。     

Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens

Loss of zoospores has happened independently several times in different phylogenic lines and has, it is claimed, no major phylogenetic significance. But whether or not, how, and under which conditions plant pathogens retain the ability to produce motile asexual spores has fundamental importance from an ecological and epidemiological perspective. Recent molecular investigations of the early evolution of fungi and oomycetes are shedding light on the issue of zoospore loss in organisms able to cause plant diseases. Zoospore loss may have accompanied the development of new forms of dispersal adapted to the terrestrial environment, or the simplification processes which often follow the shift to parasitic or biotrophic life-forms. In this review we consider hybridisation events between Phytophthora species, long distance dispersal of oomycetes, sporangia and zoospore survival, direct and indirect infection processes and newly observed sporulating structures. These aspects are all relevant features for an understanding of the epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens. Disease management should not be based on the presumption that the zoosporic stage is a weak link in the life cycle. Oomycete plant pathogens show remarkable flexibility in their life cycles and ability to adapt to changing environmental circumstances.

紫茎泽兰提取物对水果采后病原菌的抑菌活性

研究了紫茎泽兰的乙醇提取物以及各萃取部分对水果采后病原菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:紫茎泽兰乙醇提取物浓度为25.00 mg/mL时,对香蕉炭疽菌、柑桔炭疽菌、疫霉、桔青霉的抑菌率分别为58.09%、40.34%、45.63%、27.59%,EC50值分别为16.79、29.73、26.86、53.20 mg/mL。紫茎泽兰乙醇提取物的不同极性溶剂萃取物部分中石油醚萃取部分的抑菌活性最高;石油醚萃取部分对香蕉炭疽菌的抑菌作用最好,EC50值仅为0.42 mg/mL。