741杨缺素症状和最适pH值的研究

用溶液培养法研究了741杨的缺素症状和最适pH值。观察了5种大量元素的缺素症状,缺素对苗木生长和生物量的抑制顺序为N>K>P>Mg>Fe.缺素对叶绿素含量的抑制顺序为N>Fe>K>Mg>P.缺素会降低叶内其它必需元素的含量。741杨苗木生长的最适pH值为4.84～7.03,适应pH值为7.46～8.22,它能在pH4.84～8.22的范围内正常生长,在极限pH值(pH4和pH10)生长受抑制较大,但未出现坏死等症状。     

Long‐term effects of liming on the fine‐root standing crop of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in relation to chemical changes in the soil

The long‐term effects of lime application on fine roots of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst, and Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.), have been studied in five experimental forest stands subjected to different lime applications 5 to 18 years before the present study was undertaken. The effects of liming does not seem to significantly influence fine‐root development in forest stands in the long term. The only response to liming in measured root variables was a tendency to increased specific root length (SRL = fine‐root length/fine‐root dry weight, m/g). A correlation between increased SRL, decreased root biomass and increased stem volume growth was indicated. Changes in water extractable amounts of mineral elements—P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, S, Al and Fe‐in bulk soil and rhizosphere soil from the mineral soil layers were studied in a control area and an area treated with 3830 kg CaCO₃ ha^‐1. Few significant differences were found between treatments, and then mainly in the case of Ca.     

恒pH自动滴定系统及其在土壤表面化学研究中的应用

利用MIA 3型自动分析系统的硬件 ,根据研究的需要开发了一个专用软件 ,建成适用于恒pH自动滴定系统。并对一个含氧化铁很高的砖红壤的表面羟基的释放过程进行了测试应用。结果显示 ,在Na2 SO4 溶液中 ,羟基释放量明显受pH和SO2 - 4加入量的影响 ,羟基释放量的动态变化很好地符合Elovich方程。     

Environmental and spatial characterisation of bacterial community composition in soil to inform sampling strategies

Soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities are highly heterogeneous and vary widely over spatial scales, necessitating careful consideration of sampling strategies to provide representative and reproducible soil samples across field sites. To achieve this, the study aimed to establish appropriate sampling methodology and to determine links between the variability of parameters, utilising two sampling strategies. The first (design 1) involved extracting 25 cores from random locations throughout the field and pooling them into five sets of five cores. The second (design 2) involved a further 25 cores within five 1 m² sub-plots. Sub-samples from each sub-plot were pooled in order to determine between and within sub-plot variability. All samples were analysed independently and as pooled sub-samples. Results indicate that pooling spatially separated samples significantly reduced the variability in pH, compared to individual samples. Pooling samples from a small area resulted in lower within sub-plot variability than between sub-plots for pH and bacterial community composition assessed by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Following multivariate statistical analysis, a large amount of variation in community composition was explained by soil pH, which is remarkable given the relatively small size of the sampling area and minor differences in pH. Moisture content was also important in determining bacterial communities in the random design (design 1). In the 1 m² sub-plot design (design 2), the spatial location of the plots explained a large degree of the variation in bacterial community composition between plots, which was due to spatial autocorrelation of pH and possible additional environmental parameters. This study emphasises the importance of sampling design for obtaining representative samples from soil.     

培养液磷含量和pH对鸡离体小肠磷吸收的影响

摘 要:(目的)本研究主要探讨了培养液不同pH值和磷含量对鸡离体小肠磷吸收的影响,为体外培养鸡小肠合理选择培养液pH值和用外翻肠囊法评定饲料有效磷时合理选择培养液磷浓度提供参考依据。（方法）采用2个单因子随机试验,每个因子4个处理。48只30日龄体重相近的三黄肉公鸡的十二指肠、空肠和回肠肠囊随机分配到8个处理中,每个处理6个重复,每个重复1个肠囊,40℃培养50min。（结果）结果表明：培养液 pH和磷含量对鸡离体小肠的磷吸收量有明显影响,pH 5.0～7.0时,肠囊的磷吸收量线性增加,与pH5.0比较,pH7.0时,肠囊的磷吸收量极显著增加（P＜0.01）,pH8.0时,肠囊的磷吸收量开始降低;磷含量在50μg/ml～200μg/ml时,肠囊的磷吸收量与磷含量呈正相关,当磷含量增加到400μg/ml,十二指肠肠囊和空肠肠囊的磷吸收量开始降低。（结论）结果提示： 用外翻肠囊法评定饲料有效磷时,鸡离体小肠培养液pH以6.0～7.0最佳;培养液中磷含量不能超过200μg/ml。     

折流式水解反应器处理印染前道废水进水pH的影响

印染前处理阶段的前道水在印染废水中占有相当的比重,且难降解.运用折流式反应器(HRT=12 h)对其进行了水解预处理研究,考察了在不同的进水pH时,反应器内各格室的COD值及其去除率随进水pH值的变化规律以及反应器出水BODs/CODcr的变化.试验结果表明,进水pH值适宜范围为7.6～8.8,COD去除率在29%～40%之间,出水BODs/CODcr由进水的0.35左右提高到0.45左右,为印染废水的达标排放处理的水解pH条件提供参考.     

沼液施用对设施土壤饱和导水率的影响

为探求沼液灌溉对土壤饱和导水率的影响。系统研究了不同沼液配比及灌溉量对番茄根区不同深度土壤的pH值、容重、总孔隙度、颗粒机械组成、含水率和有机质的变化规律,进而分析对土壤饱和导水率的影响。灌施沼液能一定程度降低土壤pH值,降幅为1.25%～3.75%;施用沼液可以降低土壤容重,降低幅度在2.13%～8.97%之间;灌施沼液可以降低土壤砂粒含量,增加土壤粉粒及黏粒含量;随着沼液灌溉配比增大以及沼液灌溉量的增加,不同土层深度的总孔隙度均呈现增加的趋势;土壤含水率与沼液配比无关与沼液灌溉量呈正相关,土壤含水率随土层深度呈抛物线变化;垂直剖面上,沼液灌溉处理土壤剖面的饱和导水率都随土壤深度的增加而下降;有机质对土壤饱和导水率的影响阈值为18.51 g/kg。多元逐步回归分析表明土壤容重、黏粒含量以及土壤有机质含量是影响土壤饱和导水率的主要因子,建议沼液合理的配比及灌溉量应控制为T2处理,但是其长期施用效果还有待于进一步验证。     

东陵区设施土壤有机质、pH值的剖面特征研究

对东陵区前竞赛镇和李相镇保护地土壤pH值、有机质含量进行分析。结果表明：与对照比较,保护地土壤酸化比较普遍,土壤酸化的程度正在扩大。从剖面上看,保护地土壤酸化是整个土体一起酸化。个别土壤酸化比较严重,pH值低于蔬菜作物所能适应的临界点,已经威胁到作物的正常生长。随着种植年限的增加,pH值逐渐降低,酸化问题变得越来越严峻。东陵区保护地土壤有机质含量明显高于露地对照土壤,且随着种植年限的延长呈增加趋势。由于长期大量施用单一种类有机肥（鸡粪）,土壤有机质含量增加,但有机质所起到的环境作用越来越低。     

硝酸还原酶合成的NO通过诱导酸敏感水稻根尖ROS积累引起酸毒

酸毒是酸性土壤中限制作物生长的重要因子之一,但酸毒通常与金属离子毒性共存,难以在土壤中直接研究,目前关于水稻酸毒机制的报道较少。选用前期筛选的酸耐性不同的两个水稻品种Kasalath（酸耐性）和Jinguoyin（酸敏感）,研究水稻的酸敏感性与活性氧（ROS）积累及氧化还原代谢相关酶的关系,并试图探讨酸毒害中一氧化氮（NO）信号与活性氧信号的调控关系。结果显示,低pH引起酸敏感水稻品种Jinguoyin中根尖NO和ROS的富集,但酸耐性水稻品种Kasalath中无显著变化。NO清除剂2-(4-羧基苯基)-4,4,5,5-四甲基咪唑啉-1-氧基-3-氧化物钾盐（cPTIO）可清除Jinguoyin根尖富集的NO和ROS。硝酸还原酶反馈抑制剂谷氨酰胺（Gln）可明显降低Jinguoyin在低pH下的根尖NO信号,而一氧化氮合酶抑制剂N’-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯盐酸盐（L-NAME）对根尖NO信号无影响。低pH显著提高了Jinguoyin中硝酸还原酶基因NIA1、NIA2和NIA3的表达,同时也提高了硝酸还原酶活性。可见,低pH下Jinguoyin受到的酸毒与NO介导的ROS富集有关,酸毒下产...     

恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电性质的研究Ⅰ.阳离子吸附和pH的影响

本工作研究了阳离子吸附和pH对恒电荷土壤（黄棕壤、棕壤、暗棕壤和黑土）和可变电荷土壤（砖红壤）动电性质的影响。研究结果表明,砖红壤在不同溶液中的ζ电位随pH升高由正值变为负值,均有一个等电点（IEP）;pH>5时,在不同溶液之间砖红壤ζ电位的变化顺序为MnCl