Biochar has little effect on soil dissolved organic carbon pool 5 years after biochar application under field condition

Biochar application can improve soil properties, such as increasing soil organic carbon content, soil pH and water content. These properties are important to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC); however, the effects of biochar on DOC concentration and composition have received little research attention, especially several years after biochar application under field conditions. This study was conducted in a long‐term experimental field where the biochar was only applied once in 2009. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of different biochar application rates (0, 30, 60 and 90 t ha^?1) on the dynamics of soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC compositions (reducing sugar, soluble phenol and aromatics) over nine samplings during a 12‐month period in 2014. Our results showed that soil water content and DOC concentration varied from 7.1% to 14.5% and 59 to 230 mg C kg^?1 soil during the 12 months, respectively. However, the biochar application rates did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect soil water content, DOC concentration and DOC composition at the same sampling period. The DOC concentration across the biochar treatments was positively correlated to soil water content. Moreover, the DOC composition (reducing sugar, soluble phenol or aromatics) and their concentrations were positively correlated to the total DOC concentration. In addition, biochar did not affect soil bulk density, pH, saturated hydraulic conductivity and crop yields. The results indicated that some benefits of biochar to soil may not persist 5 years after the application of biochar under a field condition.     

酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响

为探讨酸化红薯粉渣对肉兔生长性能、免疫器官指数和胃肠pH的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机分组设计,选取128只(公母各半)50日龄体重相近的新西兰兔随机分为4个处理组(对照组、试验1组、2组和3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、5%、10%、15%酸化红薯粉渣的饲粮。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2组和3组肉兔日均采食量、平均日增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著提高(P<0.05),胃pH显著降低(P<0.05);试验1、2和3组腹泻率、十二指肠pH、盲肠pH均有所降低(P>0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加适量的酸化红薯粉渣能提高肉兔的生长性能和免疫器官指数,降低胃肠pH,其中添加量为10%~15%效果较理想。     

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.     

小麦饲料中添加木聚糖酶对高原型藏羊胃肠道发育的影响

旨在分析小麦粉中添加木聚糖酶(xylanase, Xyl)对藏羊羔羊胃肠道发育的影响。选择同质性良好的2～3月龄高原型藏羊公羔60只,随机分为两组,每组30只,各组内设置5个重复。对照组(Control group)饲喂不含木聚糖酶的日粮,试验组(Test group)饲喂含0.2%木聚糖酶的日粮,试验分为预饲期10 d和正试期90 d。饲养试验结束时,两组各随机选取5只羔羊进行屠宰,采集消化道组织置于多聚甲醛固定,并收集血液、瘤胃和空肠内容物。结果显示：1)与对照组相比,试验组瘤胃的角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,瓣胃的乳头长度、乳头宽度、角质层厚度、颗粒层厚度,皱胃的黏膜厚度以及十二指肠的肌层厚度,空肠的绒毛高度、黏膜厚度,回肠的肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05);2)对照组瘤胃和血清的LPS含量显著高于试验组(P<0.05);3)相较于对照组,试验组瘤胃的糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性以及空肠的糜蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);4)试验组瘤胃的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶及过氧化氢酶活性以及空肠的总抗氧化能力水平、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶...     

桃铁离子吸收动力学研究

以毛桃幼苗为试材，对不同铁形态、pH值和盐胁迫条件下铁离子吸收动力学特性进行了研究。结果表明，pH是影响铁吸收的主要因素，不同铁形态的有效性随pH的变化而变化；pH和铁形态影响桃铁离子吸收动力学参数Km和Imax；NaCI胁迫对盐敏感性植物（桃）铁吸收特性的影响，可能与质膜透性、载体系统活性以及介质中有效铁含量有关。     

折流式水解反应器处理印染前道废水进水pH的影响

印染前处理阶段的前道水在印染废水中占有相当的比重,且难降解.运用折流式反应器(HRT=12 h)对其进行了水解预处理研究,考察了在不同的进水pH时,反应器内各格室的COD值及其去除率随进水pH值的变化规律以及反应器出水BODs/CODcr的变化.试验结果表明,进水pH值适宜范围为7.6～8.8,COD去除率在29%～40%之间,出水BODs/CODcr由进水的0.35左右提高到0.45左右,为印染废水的达标排放处理的水解pH条件提供参考.     

基于地表高光谱与OLI影像的土壤含盐量和pH值估测

针对宁夏银北地区大面积土壤盐碱化监测的需要,利用实测植被冠层光谱与Landsat 8 OLI影像相结合进行土壤含盐量和pH值估测研究.对实测植被冠层高光谱与影像多光谱反射率进行倒数、对数、三角函数及其一阶微分等一系列变换,确定最佳光谱变换形式,筛选敏感植被指数和敏感波段,分别建立基于实测植被光谱与Landsat 8 O...     

不同状态培养基下pH对香菇、滑菇及金针菇漆酶活性的影响

考察不同物理状态培养基条件下pH对香菇、滑菇、金针菇漆酶活性的影响,为香菇、滑菇、金针菇的栽培提供重要参考。固化培养基以及液体培养基以NaOH作为碱化剂,固体培养基以壳灰作为碱化剂,考察不同pH对3种食用菌漆酶活性的影响。结果表明：微碱化培养可提高3种不同食用菌的漆酶活力,并与培养基的物理状态有关。香菇在固化、液体、固体培养基中,pH分别为6.5、6.5以及6.0时漆酶活性最高,比对照提高5.3%~14.0%;金针菇适宜的pH分别为7.0、6.0和6.5,与对照相比提高35.9%~343.0%;滑菇适宜的pH均为6.0,与对照相比提高3.1%~94.9%。     

江西省耕地土壤pH值和养分状况调查

按中国第二次土壤普查推荐的土壤养分和pH值的分级标准,对2014年江西省5个不同区域(赣南、赣北、赣中、赣西、赣东北)的94个县(市)具有代表性的4 188个耕地土壤的养分和pH值的测定数据进行比较分析,探明江西省耕地土壤养分及pH状况。结果表明：江西省耕地土壤pH值平均为5.3,偏酸性;赣南、赣北耕地土壤有机质质量分数均值分别为28.5、25.8 g/kg,属中等水平,而赣中、赣西和赣东北土壤有机质质量分数均值分别为31.9、33.9、31.1 g/kg,属较丰富水平;赣南土壤碱解氮质量分数均值为144.4 mg/kg,属较丰富水平,其他4个区域的均值均高于150 mg/kg,属丰富水平;赣南、赣中土壤有效磷质量分数均值分别为21.8、21.6 mg/kg,属较丰富水平,其他3个区域的属中等水平;5个区域土壤速效钾质量分数均值均在50～100 mg/kg,属较缺乏水平。可见,江西省耕地土壤酸化严重,养分极不平衡。