Influence of water quality,local knowledge and river–floodplain connectivity on commercial wild crayfish harvesting in the Atchafalaya River Basin

Water quality and river connectivity influence fisheries, but their role is not understood in wild crayfish harvest, or how water quality and river connectivity are incorporated into crayfish harvest strategies. In Louisiana, wild harvesting practices were evaluated with field observations and interviews with individual harvesters. Field observations included trap locations, water quality, water stable isotopes (2016) and habitat components over two seasons (2015 and 2016). Traps were set in less turbid water (NTU < 69.4), in depths from 1 to 3 m or 3 to 3.6 m and in locations associated with river water inputs. Harvester interviews indicated the importance of tradition (35%‐47% respondents), depth (88% respondents) and water colour (>40% respondents; a surrogate for turbidity and connectivity) in harvesting initiation and trap locations. Harvesters appeared to follow lateral water movements onto and within the floodplain, likely based on local environmental knowledge.     

根区土壤氧气检测技术与方法研究进展

根区氧胁迫问题在滞涝区域、城市地面硬化区域尤为常见,根区土壤氧气含量高低是判断植物是否承受低氧胁迫的重要依据,其检测技术与分析方法的研究对农林生产和生态保护具有指导意义。为明确根区土壤氧气检测现状及发展方向,该研究概括了国内外土壤氧气分布检测方法和分析策略,将现有获取根区土壤氧含量时空分布的技术手段归纳为氧传感器点位检测法、土壤氧扩散模型分析法和荧光成像法,并剖析比较了各方法的优缺点和适用场景。基于氧传感器等领域最新进展,结合各类氧气运输模型,总结了根区土壤氧气分布检测技术和建模方法的研究重点与发展方向如下：1）氧传感器呈现小型化和集成化趋势,引入新型材料,提高氧传感器的灵敏度和耐久性能;2）模型的精度将不断提高,更多地考虑多尺度和多因素交互作用,以全面分析根区土壤氧环境的复杂性;3）开发可持续的荧光染料,提高荧光成像技术的分辨率和深度,以实现对更小、更深层次结构的清晰成像;4）分析植物蒸腾作用中的水氧关系,通过茎干氧浓度反映植物对根区氧环境变化的生理适应能力。研究可为植物根区土壤氧气分布检测提供思路与借鉴。     

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide results in increase of reactive oxygen species induced by angiotensin II in neurons

AIM：To determine the effect of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in medullary neurons induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS：Primary cultured rat medullary neurons were used in the study. Identification of medullary neurons and the co-expression of cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) were detected by double-labeling immunofluorescence. Medullary neurons were treated with Ang II in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate (NaBu, a CBS agonist; 100 μmol/L, 250 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L). ROS production was measured by dihydroethidium staining. The activity of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected by ELISA. The mRNA expression of CBS was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS：The medullary neurons in the cultured cells were over 90%. Ang II (1 μmol/L) significantly increased ROS level in the medullary neurons. Ang II inhibited the activity of total SOD in the medullary neurons. CBS was expressed in the medullary neurons. Ang II decreased the mRNA expression of CBS. NaBu (250 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L) inhibited ROS production induced by Ang II with a dose-dependent manner, while NaBu alone had no influence on the ROS level in the medullary neurons. CONCLUSION：Ang II increases the level of ROS in medullary neurons partly by inhibiting the activity of total SOD and the mRNA expression of CBS. Endogenous H2S inhibits the ROS level increased by Ang II in the medullary neurons.     

Heat stress effects on livestock: molecular,cellular and metabolic aspects,a review

Elevated ambient temperatures affect animal production and welfare. Animal's reduced production performances during heat stress were traditionally thought to result from the decreased feed intake. However, it has recently been shown that heat stress disturbs the steady state concentrations of free radicals, resulting in both cellular and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Indeed, heat stress reorganizes the use of the body resources including fat, protein and energy. Heat stress reduces the metabolic rates and alters post‐absorptive metabolism, regardless of the decreased feed intake. Consequently, growth, production, reproduction and health are not priorities any more in the metabolism of heat‐stressed animals. The drastic effects of heat stress depend on its duration and severity. This review clearly describes about biochemical, cellular and metabolic changes that occur during thermal stress in farm animals.     

外源一氧化氮协同1-甲基环丙烯处理对水蜜桃常温贮藏品质及活性氧代谢的影响研究

为探讨外源一氧化氮(NO)协同1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对水蜜桃常温贮藏品质、活性氧代谢及其对货架期的影响,本研究以湖景蜜露水蜜桃为试材,采用0.5 μL·L-1 1-MCP、25 μmol·L-1硝普钠水溶液浸泡(NO)、1-MCP协同NO(NO+1-MCP)共3种处理方式,将其置于28±2℃室温中贮藏7 d....     

稀土与油菜钾营养的研究

本试验通过砂培,土培及同位素示踪等方法证明油菜喷施硝酸混合稀土后对油菜钾的营养状况有明显的调节作用。试验结果表明,硝酸混合稀土可以促进油菜对钾的吸收。在缺钾条件下这种促进作用更为明显。由于硝酸混合稀土改善了油菜钾的营养状况,因而促进了油菜的生长,提高油菜籽的产量。试验结果同时也指出,硝酸混合稀土对油菜的钾营养起的仅是一种调节作用,而不能代替钾的营养作用。     

磁混凝技术在中纤板废水前处理中的应用

采用磁混凝技术处理中纤板废水.研究了磁粉、混凝剂和助凝剂的种类及其比率的影响.试验结果表明,使用A磁粉的磁混凝技术处理中纤板废水,化学耗氧量(COD)去除率最高可达88.03%,较单纯采用混凝技术COD去除率提高了52.25%;悬浮物(SS)去除率达98.91%,提高了约4%;色度去除率达98.01%,提高约3%.     

A respirometer with controlled water quality and computerized data acquisition for experiments with swimming fish

This paper describes the design of a modified Brett-type respirometer for use with fish up to 2 kg at swimming speeds as high as 2.5 m·s^-1. Control of the respirometer, experimental monitoring and data acquisition are performed by computer. Water velocity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide can be controlled at predetermined levels to enable experiments to be conducted over several days with minimal deterioration in water quality.     

Latitudinal variation in growth and otolith‐inferred field metabolic rates of Canadian young‐of‐the‐year Arctic charr

Countergradient variation (CGV) is defined as genetic variation that counteracts the negative influences of the physical environment, minimising phenotypic variability along an environmental gradient. CGV is thought to have relevance in predicting the response of organisms to climate variability and change. To test the hypothesis that growth rate increased with latitude, consistent with CGV, young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were examined along a ~27° latitudinal gradient in central and eastern Canada. Growth rates were estimated from fork lengths standardised by the thermal opportunity for growth based on experienced water temperatures derived using otolith oxygen stable isotopes. Results demonstrated patterns consistent with CGV, where northern populations demonstrated faster growth rates. A secondary aim was to test for similar geographical patterns in otolith‐inferred metabolic rates, which reflect the energetic costs of standard metabolic rate (SMR) and other processes such as feeding, locomotion, thermoregulation, reproduction and growth. Results demonstrated a significant, positive relationship between otolith‐inferred metabolic rate and latitude, which may reflect an increase in one, or a combination, of the above‐noted physiological processes. The similar latitudinal pattern in growth and otolith‐inferred metabolic rates suggests greater intake of food per unit of time by northern fish. The phenotypic variation in physiological traits observed here demonstrates the significant adaptability of Arctic charr to different thermal regimes with different growing season lengths. Determining the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation to the observed latitudinal variation will be critical to predicting the responses of Arctic charr to climate change more accurately.