基于遗传算法与RBF网络的养殖池塘溶解氧模型

在分析了工厂化水产养殖池塘溶解氧影响因素的基础上,利用RBF神经网络良好的非线性逼近能力建立了池塘溶解氧的神经网络预测模型.常规的RBF神经网络模型常导致训练时间较长且易陷入局部极小点,因此,采用自适应遗传算法对RBF神经网络进行优化,模型的收敛速度明显加快.采用了养殖池塘的外部可控环境水体温度T、水流量Q、酸度(pH)以及增氧机器的转速V作为模型的输入.实验结果表明采用该方法预报溶解氧的预测精度较常规RBF递推算法的预测精度明显提高.该方法为研制开发智能水产养殖环境监控系统以及工厂化水产养殖奠定了基础.     

Stable C and N isotope values of selected components of a tropical australian sugarcane ecosystem

The ¹³C and ¹⁵N values of sugarcane plant tissues, decomposing harvest residues, soil and the casts and body tissues of the earthwormPontoscolex corethrurus were determined. Little variation in ¹³C values was found between plant parts. The ¹³C values of the decomposing harvest residues declined and became more variable after 148 days of exposure in the field. In the decomposing residues, ¹³C values of the neutral detergent fibre fraction were similar to those of the whole tissues while those of the proximate lignin were more negative. The ¹⁵N values of the residues also declined over time after a short initial delay.P. corethrurus populations are more intimately associated with the roots of sugarcane than with the bulk soil. Tissue ¹³C values suggest that the earthworm diet is similar to or more enriched in¹³C than sugarcane tissues and is substantially more enriched than the soil C. Earthworm tissues have similar levels of¹⁵N enrichment to both the soil and plant tissues. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that this earthworm derives much of its assimilated C relatively directly from organic matter associated with the roots and decomposing harvest residues.     

Inter‐specific variability in organic nitrogen uptake of three temperate grassland species

We tested the inter‐specific variability in the ability of three dominant grasses of temperate grasslands to take up organic nitrogen (N) in the form of amino acids in soils of differing fertility. Amino acid uptake was determined by injecting dual labeled glycine‐2‐¹³C‐¹⁵N into the soil, and then measuring the enrichment of both ¹³C and ¹⁵N in plant tissue after 50 hours. We found enrichment of both ¹³C and ¹⁵N in root and shoot material of all species in both soils, providing first evidence for direct uptake of glycine. We show that there was considerable inter‐specific variability in amino acid uptake in the low fertility soil. Here, direct uptake of amino acid was greater in the grass Agrostis capillaris, which typically dominates low fertility grassland, than Lolium perenne, which inhabits more fertile sites. Direct uptake of amino acid for Holcus lanatus. was intermediate between the above two species. Unlike in the low fertility soil, there was no difference in uptake of either ¹³C or ¹⁵N by grasses in the high fertility soil, where uptake of mineral N is thought to be the major mechanism of N uptake of these grasses. Overall, our findings may contribute to our understanding of differences in competitive interactions between grasses in soils of different fertility status.     

基于SSA-LSTM的玉米土壤含氧量预测模型

土壤含氧量（Soil oxygen content,SOC）是影响作物生长的重要土壤环境因素之一,具有时序性、不稳定性和非线性等特点,精确预测土壤环境中含氧量的变化趋势,有助于制定更加合理的土壤通气增氧方案。本研究提出基于麻雀搜索算法（Sparrow search algorithm,SSA）和长短时记忆（Long and short-term memory,LSTM）神经网络预测模型,利用国家土壤质量湛江观测实验站记录玉米种植期间的气象环境和土壤环境数据,基于SSA-LSTM模型对SOC变化进行预测及相关性分析,并与传统的BP预测模型、LSTM预测模型、GA-LSTM预测模型及PSO-LSTM预测模型进行对比。试验结果表明,SOC与降雨量、土壤含水率、土壤温度、土壤充气孔隙度相关性极显著,相关系数高于0.8,与大气温度和风速相关性显著,与大气湿度和土壤呼吸速率相关性较弱。SSA-LSTM模型预测精度明显高于其他4组对照预测模型,R2达到0.95979,RMSE仅为0.4917%,MAPE为3.7331%,MAE为 0.3620%,预测值与试验值之间的拟合程度高。本研究可为土壤含氧量变化的精准预测及土壤通气增氧技术的应用推广提供理论支撑与科学依据。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响

为探究不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响,以桂蹄3号新鲜荸荠为试材,采用浓度分别为100、200、400 mg/L的6-BA浸泡鲜切荸荠3 min,以纯水浸泡处理为对照(CK),测定贮藏过程中总酚、类黄酮、醌、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量变化以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等相关指标.结果表明:与对照相比,6-BA处理减少了总酚、类黄酮、醌类等呈色物质的积累,进而有效抑制了鲜切荸荠褐变,维持了鲜切荸荠贮藏期间的色泽,同时降低了PPO、POD和PAL等褐变相关酶活性;此外,6-BA处理抑制了鲜切荸荠中MDA和H2O2含量,提高了贮藏期间CAT和SOD活性,进而提升了鲜切荸荠在贮藏期间的品质.通过对比不同浓度6-BA处理效果可知,400 mg/L 6-BA处理在抑制鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢方面效果最好.     

Compartmentalization of the soil animal food web as indicated by dual analysis of stable isotope ratios (N/N and C/C)

The soil animal food web has become a focus of recent ecological research but trophic relationships still remain enigmatic for many taxa. Analysis of stable isotope ratios of N and C provides a powerful tool for disentangling food web structure. In this study, animals, roots, soil and litter material from a temperate deciduous forest were analysed. The combined measurement of δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C provided insights into the compartmentalization of the soil animal food web. Leaf litter feeders were separated from animals relying mainly on recent belowground carbon resources and from animals feeding on older carbon. The trophic pathway of leaf litter-feeding species appears to be a dead end, presumably because leaf litter feeders (mainly diplopods and oribatid mites) are unavailable to predators due to large size and/or strong sclerotization. Endogeic earthworms that rely on older carbon also appear to exist in predator-free space. The data suggest that the largest trophic compartment constitutes of ectomycorrhizal feeders and their predators. Additionally, there is a smaller trophic compartment consisting of predators likely feeding on enchytraeids and potentially nematodes.     

外源活性氧处理对苹果果皮组织抗氧化特性的影响

以红富士苹果为试材,探讨了不同种类外源活性氧处理对果皮组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性以及超氧·)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。试验表明:不同种类的外源活性氧(′O2、·OH、H2O2)处理均可不同阴离子(O2-·自程度地提高果皮中SOD活性以及O2-·和MDA含量。其中,以外源·OH对果实的胁迫最为明显,表现为O2-由基以及MDA含量达到最高水平。外源活性氧处理可以用于果实胁迫生理研究以及果实抗氧化能力的诱导。     

鱼类越冬池底泥若干特性的研究

对进行生物增氧的鱼类越冬池底泥低温状态下的研究表明：（１）底泥吸附性氨态氮含量平均为０．１９４ｍｇ／ｇ（烘干重,不同）,有效磷平均为０．０３９４ｍｇ／ｇ,有机物平均为２５．７ｍｇ／ｇ;（２）间隙水中氨态氮含量为５．３１－３８．４ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均１４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ,占无机氮总量的９９．１％活性磷酸盐（ＰＯ４－Ｐ）含量为０．１１１－０．６３２ｍｇ／Ｌ,平均０．３０２ｍｇ／Ｌ;（３）在无扰动条件下ＮＨ＾＋４     

河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率

本试验研究了在饱食状态下各种大小的河蚬在下不同温度下的耗氧率和排氨率及其昼夜变化的特征。结果表明,温度和河蚬的个体大小均对其耗氧率和排氨率有显著影响。其中,河蚬耗氧率与其体重之间呈幂函数关系,排氨率与其体重之间呈指数函数关系;而温度对河蚬耗氧率和排氨率的影响,则表现为,在一定的温度范围内,河蚬的耗氧率和排氨率,随温度的升高而增加,超过某一温度,则随温度的的升高而降低。还发现,河蚬的耗氧率存在着明显     

ASA在百草枯诱导小麦幼苗活性氧代谢及膜脂过氧化中的作用

用0．05％ASA预处理能明显降低百草枯诱导小麦幼苗超氧阴离子自由基（O2-）的含量及膜脂过氧化的程度,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性,降低脂氧合酶（LOX）和酸性磷酸酯酶的活性。说明ASA可降低活性氧伤害,减轻膜脂过氧化的程度。