Transgene expression for Gladiolus plants grown outdoors and in the greenhouse

Transgene expression was evaluated for Gladiolus plants transformed with either the CaMV 35S, double CaMV 35S, rolD, or Arabidopsis UBQ3 promoter controlling the uidA or bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation to determine differences in expression for plants grown in the greenhouse and outdoors for two years. There was more variability in GUS expression when plants were grown outdoors than in the greenhouse for two years. Four of the six transformed plant lines with the UBQ3, rolD, and CaMV 35S promoters grown outdoors showed significant differences in GUS expression from year to year as compared to two of the six lines with the UBQ3 and rolD promoters grown in the greenhouse. When grown the same year, two plant lines with the CaMV 35S and one line with the rolD promoter showed 2–16× higher levels of GUS expression outdoors than in the greenhouse, and one plant line with the UBQ3 promoter had 31× higher GUS expression in the greenhouse instead of outdoors. Three of six plant lines transformed with the bean yellow mosaic virus coat protein gene in either the sense or antisense orientation under control of the double CaMV 35S promoter showed obvious transgene expression as compared to three lines that did not show expression or negligible expression for both years when plants were grown both outdoors and in the greenhouse. This study verified long-term gene expression, rather than silencing, for Gladiolus plants when grown outdoors and in the greenhouse from year to year.     

基于智能检测的发酵过程测控系统集成及应用

发酵测控系统是发酵过程参数智能检测与优化调控的基础,直接影响着发酵过程的控制性能。该文针对L-乳酸发酵过程的智能检测,提出了一种基于智能检测的发酵过程测控系统集成方法,给出了系统的体系结构及实现方法,集成了基于虚拟仪器技术的PXI总线发酵过程智能测控系统,给出了系统的软、硬件设计。该系统通过建立软测量模型,有效地实现了发酵过程不易测量参量的在线估计与控制,为发酵过程提供了一种新的测控系统。试验研究表明,将该系统应用到L-乳酸发酵过程中,通过在线估计葡萄糖液消耗量,实现了L-乳酸发酵过程补料优化控制,乳酸产量提高23%,提高了发酵产物得率。     

添加单宁酸对青贮葛藤茎叶品质的影响

为探讨添加单宁酸对青贮葛藤(Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi)茎叶品质的影响,以青绿葛藤茎叶为原料,添加3%和4%单宁酸青贮60 d后,对其进行感官鉴定,并进行有机酸、干物质损失率及营养成分的分析。结果表明:添加单宁酸的贮葛藤茎叶质地松散完整,具有酸香味,干物质损失率显著降低(P<0.05);可溶性碳水化合物和中性洗涤纤维含量显著增加(P<0.05);在添加单宁酸的青贮葛藤茎叶中,未检测出丙酸和丁酸。因此,葛藤青贮时添加单宁酸有利于营养物质的保持,可明显提高其品质。     

珠三角地区稻田土壤和谷粒中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的分布特征及人体健康暴露风险

选择珠三角地区(东莞、惠州、广州、番禺)4个水稻种植区,采集土壤(30个)和水稻谷粒(37个)样品,通过超声提取进行样品前处理,利用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)分析9种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)化合物的含量,研究PAEs的污染特征和人体健康暴露风险。结果表明,4个地区稻田土壤中PAEs总含量(∑PAEs)为3.25~8.05 mg·kg-1(平均为5.25 mg·kg-1),水稻谷粒的∑PAEs为1.77~4.13 mg·kg-1(平均为2.93 mg·kg-1),两者均以东莞的平均值最高,分别为(6.26±1.45)mg·kg-1和(3.13±0.71)mg·kg-1。土壤和水稻谷粒中PAEs均以邻苯二甲酸正二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)为主,三者的累计含量占∑PAEs的85%以上。水稻谷粒对PAEs化合物的生物富集系数在0.37~1.27之间,部分DBP、DIBP、DEHP的大于1。大米和谷壳中∑PAEs分别为1.33~3.22 mg·kg-1(平均为2.17 mg·kg-1)和0.81~2.61 mg·kg-1(平均为1.43 mg·kg-1)。若人体食用这些大米,成人和儿童对DBP和DEHP的日均摄入量均小于10μg·kg-1bw·d-1,低于美国环保局推荐的日允许摄入量(DBP:100μg·kg-1bw·d-1,DEHP:20μg·kg-1bw·d-1),健康暴露风险较小。但人体通过食用大米的长期低剂量暴露不容忽视。     

饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响

为探究饲料中棕榈酸/(二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸)(EPA+DHA)对大黄鱼(Larmichthys crocea) [初始体重为(30.51±0.16) g]抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响,本研究以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,EPA富含油、DHA富含油、棕榈酸和卵磷脂为主要脂肪源,分别配制棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)比例分别为1∶5、1∶1和5∶1的3种等氮(约43%粗蛋白)、等脂(约11%粗脂肪)饲料,并分别命名为P0、P50和P100组,在海水浮式网箱中进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验,从肌肉基本指标与分子基因层面探究饲料对大黄鱼抗氧化能力与肌肉品质的影响。结果显示,P0和P50组大黄鱼肌肉具有显著高的硬度、粘附性、内聚性和咀嚼性(P<0.05)。P0组大黄鱼肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸显著高于P50和P100组(P<0.05);P100组肌肉饱和脂肪酸显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05)。P100组大黄鱼肌肉超氧化物歧化酶2基因(SOD2)和过氧化氢酶基因(CAT)表达水平显著高于P0和P50组(P<0.05);P0组肌肉核因子E2相关因子基因(Nrf2)表达水平则显著高于P50组(P<0.05),P100和P0组、P100和P50组间相比无显著差异(P>0.05)。对于超氧化物歧化酶1基因(SOD1),P0、P50和P100组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。P50组大黄鱼肌肉的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著低于P0和P100组(P<0.05),P0、P50和P100组大黄鱼肌肉的总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、CAT活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量相比均无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中棕榈酸含量较高时,大黄鱼肌肉质构特性降低,抗氧化能力没有受到显著影响;在饲料棕榈酸/(EPA+DHA)值发生改变时,大黄鱼肌肉品质的变化与鱼体内氧化应激和抗氧化能力之间的关联仍需进一步探究。     

利用体外培养法建立饲料营养成分与瘤胃丙酸产量的回归模型

根据美国康乃尔净碳水化合物和蛋白质体系 (CNCPS) ,分析测定了 4类 2 4种饲料的营养成分 ,利用体外批次培养技术测定了它们在体外培养一定时间后的丙酸产量 ,并由此建立了饲料中产丙酸的营养成分和瘤胃丙酸产量的回归方程     

Increased humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine in growing pigs pre-treated with poly-γ-glutamic acid

This study was conducted to determine if humoral antibody response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine improved in 8-week-old growing pigs born to well-vaccinated sows pre-treated with 60 mg of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) three days before vaccination. Antibody against FMD virus serotype O was measured 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks post-vaccination, using a PrioCHECK FMDV type O ELISA kit. The results showed that positive antibody reactions against FMDV serotype O antigen among a component of the vaccine significantly increased in response to pre-injection with γ-PGA.     

脑室注射脑啡肽和纳洛酮对北京鸭胃酸分泌的影响

本实验观察了第三脑室注射甲硫氨酸脑啡肽和阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮对北京鸭胃酸分泌的影响,结果表明：（１）将５μｌ脑啡肽（０．０７５ｇ／Ｌ）注入脑室后,北京鸭胃酸分泌明显抑制,且注药后２０ｍｉｎ抑制作用最为显著,（２）预先注射阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮后,再注射同样剂量的脑啡肽,抑制胃酸分泌的现象消失,结果提示,脑室注射脑啡肽对胃酸分泌有抑制作用,此作用是通过作用于阿片受体而实现的。     

氨基酸硒叶面肥对吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜叶片早衰生理特性的影响

[目的]研究叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥,对新疆吐鲁番秋季露地甜瓜早衰生理的影响,筛选出秋季露地甜瓜早衰延缓和调控技术中氨基酸硒肥的最佳施用浓度和频次.[方法]在吐鲁番秋季露地栽培条件下,以露地甜瓜主栽品种'西州密17号'为试材,从初花期开始设置叶面喷施不同浓度氨基酸硒肥处理,以清水为对照,分析不同浓度氨基酸硒肥对甜瓜叶...