海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

大豆叶茸毛着生状态的变异及其与豆卷叶螟抗性的相关性

大量观察发现大豆叶柄茸毛着生状态有别于叶片茸毛着生状态.根据对392份来自全国各生态区的代表性样本的观察,将叶片茸毛着生状态分为匍匐、半匍匐和斜立3类,将叶柄茸毛着生状态分为紧贴、倾斜和直立3类.发现茸毛着生状态与地理来源有关,纬度增大,斜立型叶片茸毛和直立型叶柄茸毛有增加的趋势.叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态存在极显著相关性,X2为164.72.叶片茸毛着生状态和叶柄茸毛着生状态与豆卷叶螟抗性等级间也存在极显著相关,X2分别为187.46和123.44.匍匐、半匍匐叶片茸毛和紧贴、倾斜叶柄茸毛是抗虫性状,而斜立叶片茸毛和直立叶柄茸毛是感虫性状.卷叶率、虫包在叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态间都存在显著差异.匍匐型、半匍匐型叶片茸毛能分别降低32.25%和3.72%的虫包数,51.37%和6.89%的卷叶率.紧贴型、倾斜型叶柄茸毛能分别降低25.93%和46.40%的虫包数.42.20%和62.81%的卷叶率,大豆叶茸毛着生状态呵作为豆卷叶螟扰性的指示性状,用于大豆抗豆卷叶螟的种质筛选和育种.     

浙江淳安千岛湖茶叶批发市场发育状况调查

本文以浙江淳安千岛玉叶茶叶批发市场实地考察为基础,从市场交易规模、交易形式、经营者状况、市场辐射面、市场商品组成、市场价格形成、市场流通方式等多方面对该市场发育状况进行了分析,最后对其发展前景进行了预测。     

河北省糯稻研究利用历史、现状及发展方向

回顾了河北省糯稻种植及育种历史,分析了自上世纪九十年代,河北省糯稻选育走过的从引进到自主研发创新的过程,展望未来,提出了以优质、高产、抗病、熟期适宜作为糯稻新品种选育目标,合理布局,政策扶植,加大招商力度,树立品牌形象,做大做强糯米产业等发展对策。     

The effect of land management on carbon and nitrogen status in plants and soils of alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau

Large‐scale grassland rehabilitation has been carried out on the severely degraded lands of the Tibetan plateau. The grasslands created provide a useful model for evaluating the recovery of ecosystem properties. The purposes of this research were: (1) to examine the relative influence of various rehabilitation practices on carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils in early secondary succession; and (2) to evaluate the degree to which severely degraded grassland altered plant and soil properties relative to the non‐disturbed native community. The results showed: (1) The aboveground tissue C and N content in the control were 105·97 g m⁻² and 3·356 g m⁻², respectively. The aboveground tissue C content in the mixed seed treatment, the single seed treatment, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 137 per cent, 98 per cent, 49 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The corresponding aboveground tissue N content was 109 per cent, 84 per cent, 60 per cent and 47 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. (2) Root C and N content in 0–20 cm depths of the control had an average 1606 g m⁻² and 30·36 g m⁻², respectively. Root C and N content in the rehabilitation treatments were in the range of 26–36 per cent and 35–53 per cent, while those in the severely degraded treatment were only 17 per cent and 26 per cent of that in the control. (3) In the control the average soil C and N content at 0–20 cm was 11 307 g m⁻² and 846 g m⁻², respectively. Soil C content in the uppermost 20 cm in the seeded treatments, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 67 per cent, 73 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively, while soil N content in the uppermost 20 cm was 72 per cent, 82 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The severely degraded land was a major C source. Restoring the severely degraded lands to perennial vegetation was an alternative approach to sequestering C in former degraded systems. N was a limiting factor in seeding grassland. It is necessary for sustainable utilization of seeding grassland to supply extra N fertilizer to the soil or to add legume species into the seed mix. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of deer exclusion on soil nutrients in oak forests of a central European low mountain range

High densities of red deer can have severe impacts on soil nutrient status by removing the ground vegetation and enhancing erosion of the fertile soil layers. We compared four fenced deer exclosures with adjacent unfenced sites to evaluate the effect of deer grazing and trampling on the soil nutrient status (C_org, N_t, PO₄³⁻, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺) in sloping oak forests of a central European low mountain range. The investigation was set up as a three‐factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with the factors: ‘fencing’ (fenced/unfenced), ‘gradient’ (gentle/steep) and ‘aspect’ (windward/leeward). We hypothesized that exclusion of red deer by fencing would increase soil nutrient contents independent of slope gradient and aspect. Fencing increased the contents of C_org, N_t, Ca²⁺ and PO₄³⁻, but only at the windward sites. This effect was less pronounced at the gently sloping site than at the steep site, which exhibited the lowest contents of C_org, N_t and PO₄³⁻ of all sites. We did not find increased soil nutrients in the fenced exclosures at the leeward sites, neither at the steep nor at the gently sloping site. At both slope aspects nutrient contents (C_org, N_t, PO₄³⁻, K⁺) tended to be higher on the gentle than at the corresponding steep slopes. Our results suggest that red deer trampling and grazing enhance the loss of soil nutrients at predisposed sites such as windward locations with a high slope gradient. Only at such sites did the exclusion of red deer increase several soil nutrients. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湖南野生大豆分布现状及性状鉴定初报

通过对湖南省41个县市区野生大豆生长、分布情况的调查及其性状的观察鉴定,发现湖南省野生大豆分布广,种群数量多,种质资源丰富.而在所调查的地区中以衡阳地区野生大豆生长最为普遍,变异类型多,分布面积最大.     

黑龙江省化学除草现状及存在问题

文章综述了化学除草的发展特点及其在农业生产中的作用,进一步分析了黑龙江省化学除草现状及其存在的问题。     

小齿锯鳐的运输及人工饲养技术

介绍了青岛海底世界于2007年2月从澳大利亚引进的小齿锯鳐的运输环节、管理及人工饲养情况。     

农村分散式生活污水现状与处理技术进展

综述了我国农村分散式污水及其特点、处理现状,介绍了几种农村生活污水的处理技术,基于我国农村污水特点,结合国情,提出了我国农村污水处理及资源化对策。