红瘰疣螈的研究进展

红瘰疣螈（Tylototriton shanjing）为两栖纲有尾目蝾螈科疣螈属的代表动物之一.对红瘰疣螈的分布、栖息地、分类地位、繁殖生态学、解剖学与组织学、生理等方面的研究成果进行了综述,以期为后期红瘰疣螈的进一步研究提供相关参考资料.     

老北京传统江米酒奶酪的工艺探讨

以新鲜牛乳为主要原料,根据传统奶酪的工艺生产了江米酒奶酪。采用L9（33）正交实验的方法,研究了不同发酵剂的添加量、糖的添加量以及脱脂乳粉的添加量对江米酒奶酪色泽、滋气味、组织状态、持水力及质构的影响。结果表明：生产江米酒奶酪的最佳工艺条件为米酒添加量为8％,糖添加量为4％,奶粉添加量为6％,恒温45℃培养72 h产品质量最佳。此时奶酪感官评定评分为97．9,持水力为90．41％。组织状态弹性、滑爽性及细腻度都比较好。     

天津于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物中碳· 氮· 磷分布及污染评价

对流域内33个河流表层沉积物样点的总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)和磷形态含量进行了测定,分析了沉积物中碳、氮、磷含量的分布特征及三者之间的相关性,并对于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物进行污染现状评价。结果表明:于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物TOC平均含量为0.99%,TN平均含量为0.15%,TP平均含量为1 904.93 mg/kg。相关性分析表明,沉积物TOC与TN呈极显著正相关(R2=0.794),TOC与草地面积比例呈极显著正相关,R2为0.685;TN和草地面积比例呈显著正相关(R2=0.392);TP与各种土地利用类型的相关性均不明显,但OP和Fe/Al-P与城镇居民用地面积比例呈极显著正相关,R2分别为0.664和0.698,与林地面积比例呈显著负相关,R2分别为-0.472和-0.403。有机指数和有机氮评价结果显示,有48.5%的采样点有机指数处于Ⅰ类水平,有39.4%和48.5%样点有机氮处于Ⅲ和Ⅳ类污染水平,表明于桥水库流域河流表层沉积物有机指数整体处于尚清洁及以上水平,受到有机污染程度较小,而流域内的有机氮污染相对较为严重。     

尼氏真绥螨(Euseius nicholsi)的研究进展

尼氏真绥螨是汁吸性害虫的重要天敌,在农业生产中具有较高的利用价值。在介绍形态特征和生物学特性的基础上从其农药抗性、生防作用等方面对该种螨的研究和利用现状进行了综述,并针对研究中存在的问题提出了相应的对策。     

The Study on the Effects of Chinese Herbal Mixtures on Growth, Activity of Post-Ruminal Digestive Enzymes and Serum Antioxidant Status of Beef Cattle

Sixteen Limousin×Luxi crossbred beef cattle [099.4±8.67) kg] were used to evaluate the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures (CHM) on growth, activities of post-ruminal digestive enzymes and serum antioxidant status of beef cattle. Treatments were control (no CHM supplementation) and three formulations of CHM (CHM-A, CHM-B and CHM-C) that were arranged as completely randomized design. The calves were fed in indoor individual feeding barn with total mixed ration for 90 d.The CHM-A, CHM-B, and CHM-C was incorporated into the diet at the level of 20 g kg-1 DM (dry matter) of concentrate.The cattle were weighted at the beginning, at the end and every 15 d between to determine growth rate. Blood sample was taken every 30 d to analyze activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). The cattle were slaughtered at the end of experiment and chymus samples from various section of the post-ruminal digestive tract were collected to analyze enzymes activities. All cattle had similar average daily gain, but cattle supplemented with CHM-A tended faster growth (P=0.08) compared to the control and other CHM treatments. Supplementation of CHM did not affect Ph of chymus in any section of the post-ruminal digestive tract.Activities of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase in chymus samples were enhanced (P<0.05) to various extents by supplementation of CHM-A, CHM-B, and CHM-C depending on the enzymes and the site of the digestive tract. Amylase activity was increased only by CHM-A and CHM-C from chymus sample collected at the ileum. Supplementation of CHM-A and CHM-B reduced (P<0.05) concentration of MDA, but did not affect GSH-PX activity in the serum of cattle throughout the entire experimental period. Cattle supplemented with CHM-B also had higher (P<0.05) T-SOD activity in the serum at day 30 and 60 as compared with the control and the other two CHM treatments. Chinese herbal mixtures supplemented at the levels of 20 g kg-1 DM of concentrate increased post-ruminal digestive enzymes activity and enhanced serum antioxidant status. Inclusion of CHM-A and CHM-B in the diet may be favourable for ruminant production.     

国内外红花种质资源研究进展

红花具有药用、食用、油用、工业用等广泛用途,红花植株具有耐旱、耐盐、耐贫瘠优良特性,我国是具有丰富的红花种质资源多样性的国家之一,为了更好地开发利用红花种质资源,在此对国内外有关红花种质资源的收集、分类、评价、育种和应用等研究进行了系统的阐述,最后讨论了红花种质资源研究中存在的一些问题,展望了今后的研究方向。     

茶树与大豆间作效应分析

 【目的】分析幼龄茶树与大豆间作对土壤养分状况、茶叶生长、病虫害防治等的影响。【方法】采用两个大豆品种和两个茶树品种,分春、夏两季在广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所英德基地酸性土茶园进行田间试验,分别调查了茶、豆间作对土壤pH、氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等养分状况,茶树株高、株宽及百芽重等生长指标以及杂草控制和病虫害防治等的影响。【结果】幼龄茶园中间种大豆,大豆秸秆回田后能改良土壤养分状况,能显著降低交换性铝含量,提高土壤pH值,增加土壤有机质、有效氮和全氮含量;茶、豆间作能有效促进茶树生长,增加茶叶产量、增强幼龄茶园的树势、培养树冠,为成龄茶园的丰产打下基础;茶、豆间作还能有效改善茶园小气候、减少虫害和杂草的发生,从而显著地提高茶园的经济效益。【结论】选择适宜的大豆品种进行茶、豆间作,在增收两季大豆的情况下,能提高土壤肥力,改善微生态环境,提高茶叶产量,是一种生态和经济效益俱佳的栽培方式。     

松原市粮食产量预报方法初探

通过对松原市粮食产量资料分析得出,玉米和水稻分别占总粮食产量的74.13%和12.43%,其他作物占产量的13.44%。采用等权重不同间距滑动平均得到的气象产量序列,间接反映出了因气象条件优劣造成的丰歉年景。由18个因子筛选组建的玉米产量预报方程验证结果,平均绝对误差仅0.08,平均相对误差〈1%。另外,单独组建的其他粮产预报方程,复相关系数均通过0.001信度水准检验。     

重庆市胭脂鱼资源及保护现状

收集整理了重庆渔政网2007～2009年的胭脂鱼误捕信息,以及1997～2009年的《长江三峡生态环境公报》中有关胭脂鱼的资料,着重分析了胭脂鱼在重庆的分布区域、资源现状与保护现状等,提出了加强增殖放流效果研究、规范误捕记录、进行产卵场调查、增设保护区等建议。     

中小规模养猪场沼气发酵产物对土壤质量的影响

为解决中小规模养猪场沼气发酵产物的合理利用,调查了安康市107个养猪场对沼气发酵产物的利用现状,并分别采集了16家养猪场附近4种不同类型土壤,测定土壤养分及盐分含量。结果表明,各养猪场对沼气发酵产物中沼液和沼渣的利用率不足50%,就近堆、排放较为普遍。堆、排放沼渣和沼液耕地土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量比未堆、排放耕地土壤分别增加了38.46%、11.39%、4.75%、11.02%、18.69%,对全磷和全钾含量影响不明显;在设施菜地施用沼液和沼渣土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾平均含量比未施用的设施菜地土壤平均含量分别增加了16.16%、12.30%、6.28%,全氮、全磷、全钾及硝态氮含量变化不明显;对4种不同土壤类型土壤盐分含量及pH值均无明显影响。养猪场沼气发酵产物对提高土壤肥力,改善土壤性质有明显作用,不合理利用引起的资源浪费,以及由此带来的环境问题也值得关注。