不同光照条件对脱镁叶绿酸钠光敏抑菌活性的影响

脱镁叶绿酸钠是叶绿素代谢中间产物脱镁叶绿酸a的水溶性钠盐,具有良好的光敏抑菌活性。为探索光照条件对其抑菌活性的影响,采用菌丝生长速率法,研究在不同光照度、光波长及光照时间条件下,脱镁叶绿酸钠对忽视拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis neglecta的抑制作用。结果表明:20 mg/mL的脱镁叶绿酸钠在照度为2 000 lx的白光照射下对菌丝生长的抑制率为83.7%,在黑暗条件下抑制率为77.0%,表明光照对脱镁叶绿酸钠抑菌活性有显著影响 (P < 0.05);此外,白光的效果好于单色光;光照度及光照时间对抑菌活性也有显著影响,其中当照度为16 000 lx且光照时间为24 h时抑菌作用最强。     

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests,Iran

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m~2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m~2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.     

碱性蛋白酶产生菌S9发酵条件的研究

为了解大庆地区盐碱土中嗜碱微生物蛋白酶产生情况,对大庆市盐碱土中筛选出的一株碱性蛋白酶菌株S9,通过单因子试验与正交试验确定该菌株的最佳培养基为:葡萄糖2%、硫酸铵2%、酵母浸粉0.5%;最佳培养条件为:温度30 ℃,pH 9.5.     

岔巴沟流域不同淤积状态下淤地坝淤积深度研究

为了进一步明确次暴雨条件下淤地坝的拦沙作用,利用岔巴沟流域不同淤积状态淤地坝泥沙沉积信息,结合线性回归和相关分析等方法,研究了不同淤积状态下淤地坝淤积深度关系。结果表明:(1)不同淤积状态淤地坝的最大淤积深度和平均淤积深度由高到低为堵塞坝(1.07 m, 0.62 m)>水毁坝(0.72 m, 0.53 m)>完好坝(0.70 m, 0.45 m)>淤满坝(0.19 m, 0.15 m)。(2)不同淤积状态下坝地淤积深度与降雨强度相关性拟合不明显;堵塞坝和水毁坝坝地淤积深度与B值(坝地面积与坝控流域面积之比)呈指数负相关,相关指数分别为0.73,0.71。(3)不同淤积状态淤地坝平均拦沙模数由大到小依次为:堵塞坝(14 274 t/km²)>完好坝(12 480 t/km²)>水毁坝(11 725 t/km²)>淤满坝(3 350 t/km²)。综上所述,暴雨条件下,堵塞坝具有高效的拦沙作用,但小库容坝地极易产生较大的淤积深度,从而对坝体产生威胁;堵塞坝和完好坝的...     

不同流量工况下混流泵压力脉动试验

为了研究混流泵叶轮和导叶非定常时序干涉引起的压力脉动特性,通过试验对混流泵泵体关键测点进行了压力脉动测量,分析了不同流量工况下叶轮进口、叶轮中部、叶轮出口、导叶进口、导叶出口以及装置出口等位置压力脉动的时域和频域响应。研究结果表明:叶轮旋转周期较大程度影响了叶轮进口、叶轮中部监测点的压力脉动,脉动曲线出现了与叶轮叶片数相一致的4个波峰和4个波谷,压力脉动主频为叶轮叶片通过频率;叶轮和导叶的动静干涉作用使得叶轮出口和导叶进口监测点压力脉动在小流量工况下分别出现7~12个波峰和波谷,压力脉动频谱范围变大,分频成分增多,主频随着流量减小向高频方向偏移,动静干涉诱导的流体激振以及噪声等高频成分出现并逐渐增多。叶轮中部监测点的压力脉动幅值最大且对流量变化最敏感,远离叶轮区各监测点的压力脉动受流量变化的影响较小。     

受固氮活性制约的蓝藻固氮去铵阻抑及其与生理条件的关系

在不同气体环境中培养的蓝藻Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ７１２０固氮活性各异，Ａｒ＋ＣＯ２中最大，空气中次之，Ａｒ中最小。固氮活性高者去铵阻抑速率大，反之则小。它们对各种生理条件的反应不一样，固氮活性高者，其去铵阻抑速率受氧和氮的抑制小。在氢和氧加合条件下，三种活性的蓝藻去铵阻抑均加快，但活性低者慢而小些。光强减弱或加光合抑制剂时，固氮活性低者去铵阻抑速率显著小于活性高者，而添加外源的蔗糖或丙酮酸时，也是固氮活     

Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4

The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied, positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes (i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104 may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination. Received: 11 December 1995     

氧化还原条件对土壤磷素固定与释放的影响

为探讨水稻土由氧化环境转为还原条件时对土壤磷素固定与释放的影响,选择18种水稻土样品进行室内模拟实验,通过测定不同条件下磷的等温吸附曲线和采用氧化铁试纸测定法进行多次提取以对比淹水前后土壤磷的累计解吸量,发现大部分供试样品的固磷能力在淹水条件下有了显著的提高,全部样品在淹水后磷的释放量都有不同程度的减少。进一步的研究表明淹水条件下土壤对磷的固定与释放的变化主要与淹水后土壤Eh的降低和pH的升高而导致的大量无定形铁的形成有关。     

Degradability of atrazine, cyanazine, and dicamba in methanogenic enrichment culture microcosms using sediment from the Pearl River of Southern China

Degradation of three herbicides, atrazine, cyanazine and dicamba, was assessed in laboratory microcosms incubated under simulated methanogenic conditions using sediment from Pearl River of Southern China as an inoculum. Atrazine was much more resistant to degradation than cyanazine and dicamba over 300 days of incubation. Biodegradation of cyanazine and dicamba was further substantiated by establishment of enrichment transfer cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicide was accelerated by the active microorganisms. Degradation of cyanazine initially involved the removal of chlorine and the two side chains, while that of dicamba was O-demethylation reaction forming 3,6-dichlorosalicyclic acid. Results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique, and further mechanism of degradation and microorganisms involved can be elucidated.     

陇东黄土高原春播紫花苜蓿生态气候特征及适生种植区划

根据对春播两年生紫花苜蓿生长状况和相应气象观测资料的分析，探讨了陇东黄土高原地区春播紫花苜蓿的生长发育与平均气温、积温及降水量等生态气侯条件的定量关系，据此得出陇东地区紫花苜蓿的适生种植区划和气侯风险区划。综合区划结果提出开发利用气侯资源的途径和生产紫花苜蓿的对策，为陇东地区进一步调整农业生产结构，发展畜牧业生产和改善生态环境提供依据。