DNA profiling of Capsicum landraces of Manipur

Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones.     

Effect of lowering the root/shoot ratio by pruning roots on water use efficiency and grain yield of winter wheat

A pot and a field experiment were conducted to assess the effects of root/shoot ratio (R/S) on the water use efficiency (WUE) and grain yield of winter wheat. The R/S was regulated by pruning the roots during the stem elongation stage, resulting in reduced root systems of the plants. At the heading stage, the root dry weight of root-pruned plants was less than that of intact-root plants, but their R/S was similar to that of intact-root plants under both experimental conditions. After tiller pruning, the R/S of root-pruned plants was significantly lower than that of intact-root plants (p < 0.05). Root pruning reduced the rate of leaf transpiration and lowered the number of tillers per plant (p < 0.05) during the vegetative stage. As a result, root-pruned wheat showed reduced water use when compared to intact-root plants before heading (p < 0.05). At anthesis, there was no significant difference in transpiration between plants with intact roots and those with pruned roots in the pots. However, under field conditions, transpiration of root-pruned plants was significantly higher than that of intact-root plants at anthesis. Additionally, at anthesis root-pruned plants had a higher rate of leaf photosynthesis and lower rate of root respiration, which resulted in a significantly higher grain yield at maturity when compared to plants with intact roots. Under both experimental conditions, there were no significant differences in shoot dry weight per plant between root-pruned and intact-root plants grown in monoculture. When root-pruned plants were grown with intact-root plants, the root-pruned wheat was less productive and had a lower relative shoot dry weight (0.78 and 0.86, respectively) than the intact-root plants (1.24 and 1.16, respectively). These results suggest that plants with pruned roots had a lower ability to compete and to acquire and use the same resources in the mixture when compared with intact-root plants. Root pruning improved the WUE of winter wheat under both experimental conditions. This suggests that appropriate management for the root system/tillers in wheat crops can be used to increase grain yield and water use efficiency. Specifically, lowering the R/S improved the grain yield and WUE of winter wheat significantly by lowering its competitive ability and improving root efficiency. Therefore, drought-resistance breeding to improve the grain yield and WUE, at least for wheat, should be made by targeted selection of less competitive progeny with a small R/S for cultivation in arid and semiarid areas.     

基于ArcGIS的商洛市耕地植烟适宜性评价

针对陕西省商洛市的6个主要烟草产区,以其土壤图、土地利用现状图和行政区划图叠加分析形成的图斑为评价单元,选取立地条件、土壤性质、土壤养分及p H值、土壤管理4个方面共13个指标构建了商洛市耕地植烟适宜性评价指标体系,采用层次分析法和模糊数学原理开展耕地植烟适宜性的定量评价和分级,以期为优化烟草布局和种植区域划分提供理论参考。结果表明,高度适宜烟草种植区占植烟耕地面积的32.61%,主要分布在石门基地单元南部、灵口基地单元中西部、永丰基地单元西部及中东部等地区;适宜烟草种植区是研究区的主体,占55.00%,云镇基地单元分布最多、所占比例最大,米粮基地单元的中部、北部及永丰基地单元东部分布范围也较大;勉强适宜烟草种植区占11.09%,主要分布在景村镇中部和南部、石门镇北部和中部、腰市镇中部等地区;不适宜烟草种植区仅占1.30%,主要分布在景村镇北部和腰市镇北部。     

交易持续期、交易信息与投资者行为——基于PCD模型的研究

使用PCD模型,通过引入买卖价差、交易量、交易规模、委托指令流等交易信息变量探讨交易信息对投资者行为的影响。实证研究表明,买卖价差与期望交易持续期显著正相关,不支持Easley和O’Hara（1992）的观点。同时大规模的交易能够显著地延长交易持续期,而中等规模的交易能够减小交易持续期,证实了知情交易者的隐藏交易假说。指令流信息中的买卖申报数量也对交易持续期有显著的影响,上期买卖申报数量与本期交易持续期正相关。     

参与式技术发展在西双版纳勐宋生态农业项目中的实践与创新

参与式技术发展强调农户的参与,是对农户能力建设的过程。其直接产出不是一个“技术”,而是一套“技术方案”,既包括技术更包括组织落实技术所需要的各种条件与措施。本文通过研究勐宋光明村的妇女小组参与蔬菜种植技术发展的实践,发现:(1)应用参与式能改变妇女的集体活动内容,转变妇女干部的角色,提高妇女参与的积极性。(2)社区进行技术应用和创新主要有三种方式:传统知识和经验的学习实践;引入并模仿外来技术;传统知识与外来技术结合进行创新。这三种方式在社区的发展是主动-被动-主动的渐进过程。(3)妇女们通过参与技术发展在逐步转变其角色,并且这些转变得到了社区的认可。     

冰核活性细菌拮抗菌株的筛选

 从多种植物根际土壤中分离到300个细菌分离物,通过含菌平板培养筛选出F015,F023,F046等近20株对冰核细菌具有较强的拮抗力,室内测定对冰核细菌病原物抑菌圈达0.8～3.0 cm. 挑选出F015,F023,F046进一步进行室内抗菌机理、菌株鉴定和室外田间小区实验。实验结果表明,菌株初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌（Bacillus spp.）和假单胞杆菌（Pseudomonas spp.）。其代谢产物蛋白质粗提物对冰核细菌的生长有明显的抑制作用。室外防霜效果在19.5％～36.9％,可有效地控制霜冻害的发生与危害,具有广阔的应用前景。     

欧李的组织培养

对欧李不同外植体对分化率的影响及不同生很方法的生根效果进行了研究。结果表明，田间自然长出的带叶茎尖净增殖系数显著高于温室促萌茎尖的净增殖系数．其比值为4：1．2，生根生长素（IBA＋NAA）的最适总浓度为1～1．2mg／L，生长素短时间处理生报效果最佳，移栽湿度保持相对饱和，移栽成活率85％。     

不同鲜食葡萄品种对霜霉病菌的抗性分析

以48个鲜食葡萄品种为试材,通过室内离体叶盘接种霜霉病菌试验,对各品种的霜霉病抗性分级,结合对抗病相关基因PR1、PR5和NPR1的半定量RT-PCR试验,分析不同抗性级别品种在霜霉病菌侵染后表达模式的差异,以期为抗葡萄霜霉病的新品种选育提供参考依据。结果表明:48个品种中有30个品种对霜霉病高度敏感,7个品种对霜霉病敏感,4个品种中抗,6个品种高抗霜霉病,"金星无核"对霜霉病完全免疫。PR1和PR5基因在接菌前有本底表达,抗病和高抗品种接菌后均上调表达,感病品种接菌后无明显变化,仅"无核翠宝"和"红地球"有微量下调。NPR1基因接菌后在抗病品种中表达量上升,而在感病品种和高抗品种中均表现为半数品种上升,半数品种下降。     

犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶生长发育情况分析

[目的]探索犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶的可行性,为推广犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶技术提供依据,增加养殖企业的经济效益成本。[方法]试验选取出生后3月龄的西门塔尔犊牛,进行断奶饲养,测量断奶后不同日龄的体重及体尺指标,分析其生长发育情况,并对体重及体尺进行相关性分析。[结果]西门塔尔犊牛断奶后增重快速,断奶后90天,犊牛平均体重达到269.67kg,断奶后平均总增重达到101.54kg,全程日均增重为1128.22g。断奶后90天与断奶后30天比较,体斜长、体高、胸宽、胸深、胸围、腹围、臀围均呈现增加的趋势,其中增长较快的是腹围,其次是胸围,分别增加了19.0cm,14.67cm。体重与体斜长、体高、胸宽、胸深、胸围、腹围、臀围均呈正相关,其中体重与体斜长、体高、胸深、胸围、腹围呈极显著相关(p<0.01)。[结论]犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶后犊牛生长发育情况较好,犊牛早期(3月龄)断奶具有较强的可行性,可大范围推广。     

水稻高产、优质和氮高效协同的氮素调控研究

以超级粳稻‘新稻18号’为试验材料,大田条件下,研究不同施氮量(0、232.5、255.0、277.5、300.0、322.5和345.0kg/hm2纯氮水平)对水稻产量、品质及氮肥吸收利用效率的影响,以明确高产、优质和氮高效协同的适宜氮素水平。结果表明,随氮素水平提高,水稻产量、稻米品质和氮肥吸收利用效率均呈先增后降趋势。施氮量为255.0kg/hm2纯氮处理下,产量最高为9 878.11kg/hm2,稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率较高,分别为84.81%、72.85%和66.94%,垩白粒率和垩白度较低,分别10.00%和2.86%,氮肥吸收利用效率较高,为41.34%。低氮肥和高氮肥处理,产量、品质和氮肥利用效率相对较低。说明,在适宜的氮肥水平下,水稻高产、优质和氮高效可达到协同一致。