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91.
Interspecific differences in early life‐history traits in a species complex of stream‐resident galaxiids
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Fish differentially provision resources to eggs and larvae to optimise survival during the critical early life‐history period. Resource allocation is limited by a trade‐off between egg size and fecundity, and the optimal strategy varies with habitat type. This study examines the consequences of egg size differences for the early life‐histories of four closely related galaxiid species which occur in contrasting habitat types on the South Island, New Zealand. Headwater species had substantially larger water‐hardened eggs, longer incubation times, and newly hatched larvae were on average up to 41% longer than lower catchment species. Significant interspecific differences in gape diameter, eye diameter and myomere depth were also observed. Swimming ability was positively associated with larval length at hatch. Interspecific differences in length and swimming ability were generally maintained throughout the larval period, despite larvae being reared under relatively benign conditions where many other studies suggest initial differences should disappear. These results demonstrate the consequences of differential maternal provisioning to the egg for larval traits. The larger larvae of headwater species are likely to be more resistant to starvation and have improved foraging ability compared to lower catchment species; traits which are likely to confer them survival advantages in the low productivity, food‐scarce environments they occupy. The smaller larvae of lower catchment species are likely to be a consequence of females investing in fecundity in these relatively resource‐rich streams. 相似文献
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本研究以胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ(insulin-like growth factors-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅰ)基因作为候选基因,运用PCR-RFLP法检测基因变异,并分析其变异与鸡末期产蛋性能的相关性。以绿壳蛋鸡(n=113)作为试验材料,对IGF-Ⅰ基因5'调控区进行遗传多样性研究。研究结果表明,该调控区扩增产物经PstⅠ酶切后出现AA、AB、BB共3种基因型,经χ2检验绿壳蛋鸡在IGF-Ⅰ位点上符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。相关分析表明,IGF-Ⅰ基因5'调控区PstⅠ位点对于产蛋末期(14和15月龄)的产蛋性能没有显著影响(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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The attraction ofTrichogramma platneri Nagarkatti (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to eggs of two lepidopterous avocado pests,Boarmia sel-enaria (Schiffermüller) (Geometridae) andCryptoblabes gnidiella (Millière) (Phycitidae), was evaluated in olfactometer tests. The mobility of the wasp as measured by a mobility index was
0.6 for males and 1.8 for females; the males had a lower mobility and a lower search capacity index than the females. Frozen
and fresh youngB. selenaria eggs had the greatest attraction forT. platneri, which diminished with increasing age of the eggs. The eggs ofC. gnidiella were also attractive to the parasitoid.
Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2704-E, 1989 series. 相似文献
96.
研究表明:在松林内,14种松毛虫卵寄生蜂中有9种能寄生柞蚕卵。利用柞蚕卵作为马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂的补充寄主是可行的。补充寄主的林地,卵蜂种群密度比对照提高0.68~1.43倍,而长年补充又比阶段补充增加1.37倍,比对照区增加2倍。林间补充寄主后提高了平腹小蜂和白角小蜂的种群密度。第一代松毛虫卵期总寄生率补充寄主区较对照区提高5.16~28.96%,第二代提高3.62~24.97%;第三代提高8~17.99%。根据卵蜂在不同生态条件下的消长规律,补充寄主的方法应有所不同,在地被物稀少的松林中补充寄主的次数应多一些,而在地被物丰富的松林中,补充寄主的次数可相应减少。 相似文献
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本文首次报导应用赤眼蜂蛹作为替代食料人工饲养尼氏钝绥螨。日食蛹量,幼螨为0.18头,产卵前期成螨达1.18头,而产卵期成螨则为0.95头左右。在25℃饲养条件下,每雌产卵达45粒,卵历期48小时,孵化率近92%,幼螨存活率88%,成螨雌性占55%,雌成螨寿命25天。用赤眼蜂蛹连代饲养的尼氏钝绥螨在桔园释放,对柑桔全爪螨具有明显的控制作用。 相似文献
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Gatongi PM Njoroge JM Scott ME Ranjan S Gathuma JM Munyua WK Cheruiyot H Prichard RK 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,110(3-4):235-240
Susceptibility to IVM (IVM) of “strain A” Haemonchus contortus which had been exposed to IVM four times over a 2-year period was compared to IVM susceptibility of “strain C” H. contortus which had no prior field exposure to IVM, by in vivo and in vitro methods. In vivo, the percentage reduction in faecal egg counts (FEC) and the total worm counts (TWC) were compared between control animals (lambs and kids) and animals treated with low dose IVM (20 μg/kg). In vitro susceptibility to IVM was evaluated by larval migration inhibition (LMI) after the two strains of H. contortus were exposed to different concentrations of IVM. The dose response, measured as the proportion of larvae inhibited from migrating, was used to estimate LD50. Although differences in response to IVM in the in vivo determinations were not significant, “strain A” H. contortus had a significantly higher LD50 than “strain C” in the LMI assay. Coincident with the conduct of the in vivo experiment, it was observed that “strain A” H. contortus established and survived better than “strain C” in the control lambs. 相似文献