三北防护林的建设与指导原则解析

本文介绍了三北防护林的建设目的与重要作用,并从资金、林地修复与技术更新三个角度对 三北工程的指导原则开展解析,提出了开拓个人、金融企业与国际援助等集资渠道。同时,针对不同 原因造成林地退化的修复办法和技术创新手段进行探究,旨在促进我国三北工程顺利开展,加快我国 生态文明建设。     

Response of a gorgonian (Paramuricea clavata) population to mortality events: recovery or loss?

• 1. During late summer 1999 and 2003 two mass mortality events affected the population of the slow growing, long‐lived Mediterranean gorgonian Paramuricea clavata living in the Gulf of La Spezia (Italy).
• 2. The population was monitored for three years after the mortality events. Availability of pre‐event data (1998) allowed comparison of population density and population size structure of the healthy population with those recorded in the three years following the mortality events.
• 3. In 1998, before the two mass mortality events, mean colony density was 33.3 ± 3.7 colonies m^?2 and had fallen to 6.7 ± 1.9 colonies m^?2 in 2004.
• 4. In the post‐event period the population size structure changed and the modal class of colonies shifted from 16–21 cm to 6–15 cm height.
• 5. In 2004 mortality affected 75 ± 6.4% of colonies. A significant, positive correlation between the extent of damage and colony size was found throughout the monitoring period.
• 6. In the three years following the two mortality events, a small increase in density of recruits and of older undamaged colonies was recorded suggesting that the population was slowly recovering.
• 7. The bathymetric distribution of P. clavata straddles the summer thermocline making this population particularly sensitive to temperature increases. The lack of deeper colonies (less exposed to warming) and the geographical isolation of this population is likely to prevent any substantial external larval supply.
• 8. An increased frequency of mass mortality events associated with ever increasingly high temperature events represent a considerable threat to the persistence of a P. clavata population in the Gulf of La Spezia.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构指数分析

根据2017年6月—2019年2月在热带太平洋东部海域(14°03′N～30°22′S, 179°36′E～114°29′W)开展的6个航次金枪鱼延绳钓渔获采样资料及胃含物组成数据,运用12个食物网网络分析指数,研究热带东太平洋中上层食物网结构特征。结果显示,本食物网物种(类群)数为83,连接数为542,食物网的平均营养级为2.4,顶级物种、中间物种、基础物种的比例分别为10.85%、83.13%、6.02%。食物网不同营养级物种的比例、杂食性指数(omnivorous,O=92.77%)、连接复杂性指数(connection complexity index,C_SC=13.22)和特征路径长度(characteristic path length,P=1.85)的分析表明,该食物网结构处于较稳定状态;聚类系数(clustering coefficient,C_C=0.242)表明食物网物种间可形成几个连接性较密切的子网络结构;由连接密度(linkage density,D=6.53)和连通度指标(connectance,C_l     

2010年1月新疆北部罕见连续性暖区大暴雪特征及成因分析

利用2010年1月新疆北部阿勒泰地区实况资料和T6390场预报资料,分析新疆北部阿勒泰地区罕见连续性暖区大暴雪天气的特征及这次过程形成的原冈.结果表明:2010年1月新疆北部阿勒泰地区罕见连续性暖区大暴雪天气具有降雪强度强、降雪范围广、降雪量异常偏多、积雪深度异常偏厚、持续时间长、灾情严重等特点,属60年不遇.阻塞形势...     

Chlorophyll a variation in the Kuroshio Extension revealed with a mixed-layer tracking float: implication on the long-term change of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira)

Variation of chlorophyll a from March 2004 to July 2005 in the formation region of Subtropical Mode Water in the Kuroshio Extension was observed with a mixed‐layer tracking profiling float parking at around 40 m depth. Chlorophyll a concentration in the mixed‐layer is seasonally high from winter to early spring (January–April) even in the deep mixed layer; whereas during winter it tends to be lower for the corresponding deeper mixed layer. The chlorophyll a integrated over the winter mixed‐layer depth (MLD) increases with MLD for MLD <200 m and for MLD > 250 m the integrated chlorophyll a almost disappears, probably because of the large MLD exceeds in the critical depth with light limitation. These results suggest that the wintertime MLD influences the recruitment of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the Kuroshio Extension because the wintertime food environment for larvae and juvenile of the Pacific saury could be better in the shallow wintertime MLD period of the 1950s and 1990s and worse in the deep MLD period of the 1970s and early 1980s.     

冀北不同建筑类型奶牛舍冬季环境质量比较

旨在研究河北省北部寒区不同建筑类型奶牛舍冬季舍内外环境质量状况,为该地区奶牛舍设计改造及环境改善提供借鉴.选择冀北寒区3种典型建筑类型奶牛舍(高举架、纵跨大、封闭性差的有窗舍A,低举架、纵跨小、封闭性好的有窗舍B,高举架、纵跨大、封闭性一般的有窗舍C),检测各舍内外环境温度、相对湿度、风速、围护结构(墙壁、地面、屋顶)...     

华北地区夏季降水减少的原因分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对华北地区夏季降水减少原因进行分析发现:夏季降水在20世纪60年代中期发生了气候突变,近55年线性减少趋势显著,平均每10年减少15.5 mm.在地面上,青藏高原地区、华北地区气温下降造成华北低压系统活动减少,不利于降水.在850 hPa层上,东亚中纬度的西南季风和副热带高压南部的偏东风、西北部的西南风异常减弱,使得西南气流输送水汽很难到达30°N以北的地区,而副热带高压西部外围偏东南、偏南气流输送到华北地区的水汽也大量减少,水汽不足造成华北夏季降水偏少.在500 hPa高度场上,80年代欧亚遥相关型表现与50年代相反,变为欧洲( )、乌拉尔山(-)、中亚( )形势,这种环流使得乌拉尔山高压脊减弱,贝加尔湖至青藏高原高空槽变浅,纬向环流表现突出,不利于冷暖空气南北交换.同时在500 hPa气温场上,80年代,西伯利亚至青藏高原西北部的冷槽明显东移南压到蒙古至华北地区,锋区位于华北以东以南位置,使得华北地区冷暖空气交汇减少,降水也因此减少.     

秦岭北麓区域主要河流水质分析与评价

通过野外调查取样和室内实验检测,分析和评价了秦岭北麓主要河流的水质现状,结果表明:①区域内河流污染成分主要以有机污染为主,其次是金属污染,金属污染主要以铅、汞污染为主。②在检测的41个河段中,按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有56.10%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占7.32%,水质重污染的河段占14.63%,水质轻污染的河段占34.15%;共计有43.90%的河段水质较好,其中,水质尚清洁的河段占34.15%,水质清洁河段占9.76%。③区域内水污染已较为严重,使得河流水环境承载能力降低,水环境安全已经受到一定程度的威胁。