红景天提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]探讨红景天[Rhodiola crenulata（Hook.f.et.Thoms.）H.Ohba]提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。[方法]将192只BALB/c小鼠随机分为4批,每批分为4组,分别为低、中、高3个剂量组和1个溶剂对照组,连续灌药（20 m l/kg.体重）30 d,测定各免疫指标。[结果]高剂量组红景天提取物可提高小鼠碳廓清能力（P〈0.05）;中剂量和高剂量组能增强绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力（P〈0.05）,促进NK细胞活性（P〈0.05）和血清凝血素的生成（P〈0.05）,增加抗体生成细胞数的生成（P〈0.05）,并且能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞的能力（P〈0.05）,但对免疫器官/体重质量值和ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力无显著影响。[结论]红景天提取物具有增强正常小鼠免疫力的功能,该研究为开发有食用价值的保健食品提供了试验依据。     

油茶籽油对核桃油抗氧化作用的影响

[目的]探讨油茶籽油对核桃油抗氧化作用的影响。[方法]采用Schaal烘箱法研究了3种油茶籽油对核桃油的抗氧化作用,确定了油茶籽油对核桃油的抗氧化能力及适宜的添加量。[结果]油茶籽油对核桃油的抗氧化作用以腾冲红花油茶籽油最佳,其表现出较强的抗氧化活性,且加入量以25%～30%为宜;其次是白花油茶籽油和普洱油茶籽油。[结论]为开发调和的功能性核桃油提供了理论依据。     

感染“中四”小麦条锈菌T4新菌系的寄生适合度研究

 为预测T4新菌系在我国未来小麦条锈菌的流行趋势,本研究以高感品种铭贤169为试材,以我国条锈菌5个主要流行小种（菌系）CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4为对照,采用主成分分析法测定了T4新菌系的寄生适合度。结果表明：在供试菌系范围内,决定其寄生适合度属性的3个主成分依次为条锈菌的侵染能力、扩展能力和产孢能力(繁殖力);通过建立数学模型计算供试菌系的侵染能力、扩展能力和产孢能力,结果表明：CYR33和CYR32相对寄生适合度较高,Su11-4的寄生适合度居中,CYR31及CYR29其寄生适合度较低,而感染“中四”苗期的新菌系T4,相对寄生适合度最低。结合该菌系对我国目前推广品种和后备品种致病性和毒性结果分析,该菌系在今后一段时间内不会成为我国小麦条锈菌的优势菌系。     

松毛虫肠道产蛋白酶菌株的筛选鉴定及培养条件研究

为了获得产蛋白酶能力高的细菌资源。采用酪蛋白平板法从松毛虫肠道中分离筛选得到16株产蛋白酶的菌株。通过比较透明圈大小和测定发酵后酶活力,筛选出一株产酶能力较高的菌株2N01。根据序列比对结果,构建关于2N01的系统发育树,将其鉴定为Enterobacter hormaechei。研究培养条件对该菌株生长的影响,确定2N01产酶培养的最适温度是40℃,最适pH 8.0,培养72 h左右出现产酶峰值,酶活力达50.07 U/mL。通过研究表明,菌株2N01是产蛋白酶的较好材料,具有一定的应用前景。     

产5-氨基乙酰丙酸的光合细菌的分离鉴定及hemA基因扩增

为了获得5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)的高产菌株,从多种生境分离出光合细菌,通过分光光度计法检测ALA含量,通过形态学分析及16SrRNA分析进行菌种鉴定,PCR进行hemA基因的检测。获得1株产ALA的菌株RB,确定其为光合细菌的红假单胞菌属(Rhodopseudomonas)的沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)。其ALA产量为4.34 mg/L,进一步对该菌株进行hemA基因扩增,成功获得扩增产物。本实验可以成功分离出产ALA的光合细菌,并成功获得hemA扩增产物,为构建基因工程菌打下基础。     

Antioxidant,ethylene and membrane leakage responses to powdery mildew infection of near-isogenic barley lines with various types of resistance

Leaves of powdery mildew-susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) and related near-isogenic lines bearing various resistance genes (Mla12, Mlg or mlo5) were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6. Fungal attack induced several-fold increases in ethylene emission and electrolyte leakage in leaves of susceptible Ingrid beginning 3 days after inoculation. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes were induced markedly in susceptible leaves 5–7 days after inoculation. Similar, but less pronounced pathogen-induced changes were detected in inoculated leaves of Mla-type resistant plants that show hypersensitive cell death upon inoculation, and, to an even lesser extent, in the Mlg and mlo lines, where no visible symptoms accompanied the incompatible interaction. Glutathione content increased only in susceptible barley 7 days after inoculation. Catalase activity, total ascorbate content and redox state were not influenced by inoculation in any of the genotypes. The activity of dehydroascorbate reductase was significantly reduced 3–5 days after inoculation in the susceptible parental plants and after 5 days in Mla and Mlg lines, while it was stable in the mlo barley. Slightly elevated levels of H₂O₂ were observed in the inoculated resistant plants. In contrast, H₂O₂ content decreased in the susceptible line 7 days after pathogen attack. These data indicate that high levels of antioxidants are involved in the compatible interaction of susceptible barley and powdery mildew by protecting the pathogen from oxidative damage.     

Application of pathogen surveys,disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an IPM approach for the control of wheat yellow rust

The present paper presents the rationale for the use of pathogen surveys, inoculated and non-inoculated disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an integrated approach to control wheat yellow rust in Denmark. The non-inoculated disease observation plots, which gave valuable information about yellow rust at the year, site and variety level, served as the primary sample source for the pathogen survey revealing pathogen virulence dynamics. This survey was also the main source for isolates of new pathotypes, a prerequisite for the assessment of the resistance characteristics of varieties and breeding lines in inoculated nurseries, and the postulation of race-specific resistance genes. A simple grouping of varieties into four categories with respect to resistance to the current yellow rust population proved robust, and this grouping was used as a determinant in a web-based decision support system for pesticide applications in cereals, Crop Protection On-line (CPO). The interplay between the different research and survey activities in the integrated pest management (IPM) approach demonstrated the need for a coherent and long-term involvement at all stages from plant breeding to the official variety approval system, extension service and research in disease epidemiology and resistance genetics.     

不同种类微生物对普洱茶发酵过程的影响

为阐明微生物在普洱茶发酵过程中作用机制,进行了普洱生茶单菌发酵实验,通过跟踪不同菌种对普洱茶发酵过程中感官品质和理化指标的影响,发现不同微生物对普洱茶发酵的作用,并对优势菌种进行混菌发酵实验,以期为工业化微生物发酵普洱茶提供理论和数据支持。结果表明,普洱茶发酵过程中,叶色由黄绿变为猪肝色,茶汤的苦涩感逐渐减弱,汤色红浓明亮,理化成分中茶多酚和水浸出物含量均减少,茶褐素和咖啡碱含量增加,且霉菌对这些成分的影响最大,酵母次之,细菌最小。混菌发酵茶样20d即具有普洱熟茶的品质。结果证明采用合理配比微生物发酵普洱茶可以缩短发酵时间,而且能更好地控制和规范普洱茶的发酵趋势和结果。     

香荚兰尖孢镰刀菌营养体亲和性测定的初步研究

 Eight hundred twenty four nit mutants were induced from 73 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, and classified into four phenotypes by their abilities to utilize different nitrogen sources. Among these mutants, 64.9% were characterized as nit 1, 24.3% as nit 3, 9.8% as nit M, 1.0% as nit X. Based on complementary pairing tests of different nit mutants on the medium MM, 44 isolates belonged to 8 different VCGs, 29 isolates were classified into single and different VCGs. These results indicated that there was significant VCG diversity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae population. VCGs might be correlated with geographic origin of strains, but no close correlation was found between VCGs and pathogenicity.     

EM菌培养基的优化及菌株数量的检测

通过正交试验确定最适合EM菌生长的碳源、氮源和温度。结果表明:最适合菌株生长的碳源为葡萄糖,适合EM菌生长的氮源为蛋白胨,温度对菌株生长的影响较大,在35℃时,菌株的生长状况最好。将EM菌接入到优化后的培养基中培养3d后,通过稀释平板计数法确定芽孢杆菌的数量为3.4×105,酵母菌的数量为9.7×109,乳酸菌的数量为6.4×109,菌株总的数量达到1.6×1010CFU/mL。