Antibody-ELISA for Trypanosoma evansi: Application in a serological survey of dairy cattle, Thailand, and validation of a locally produced antigen

Trypanosoma evansi is generally considered a mild pathogen in bovines. However, in Asia, acute and chronic signs have been observed in cattle, with high levels of parasitaemia, abortion and death. Investigations in Asian cattle are needed to better understand this epidemiological situation. To generate comparable data at a regional level, development and standardization of an antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for T. evansi (ELISA/T. evansi) was initiated and applied in an epidemiological survey carried out in dairy cattle in Thailand. A batch of 1979 samples was collected from dairy farms located throughout the country's four regions. Soluble T. evansi antigens initially produced in France were also produced in Thailand for comparison and technology transfer. Screening of 500 samples allowed us to identify reference samples and to determine the cut-off value of the ELISA. Seropositive animals – some of them confirmed by PCR – were found in the four regions, in 12 out of 13 provinces, in 22 out of 31 districts, in 56 farms out of 222 (25%, 95%CI ± 6%) and in 163 animals out of 1979 (8.2, 95%CI ± 1.2%). Estimated seroprevalence in 35 farms ranged between 1% and 30%, and in 21 farms it was >30%. Approximately 25% of survey cattle were exposed to the infection, in various situations. A sub-sample of 160 sera was tested on both antigens. Wilcoxon's (Z = 1.24; p = 0.22) and McNemars's tests (CHI2 = 3.55; p = 0.09) did not show any significant differences, showing that the locally produced antigen is suitable for further evaluation in the surrounding countries. Use of this standardized serological method will broaden knowledge of the prevalence and impact of the disease at the regional level in South-East Asia. Further validation of this ELISA will be necessary in other host species such as buffalo, horse and pig.     

猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗中病毒抗原含量实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

依据GenBank公布的猪圆环病毒2型Cap基因序列,在保守区域设计特异性引物和TaqMan探针,优化反应体系,建立评价猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗中病毒含量的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,对方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行试验,并验证灭活剂用量和灭活时间对检测结果的影响。结果显示：该方法只对猪圆环病毒2型基因有特异性扩增,其他3种对照病毒基因的扩增结果均为阴性;检测灵敏度达到10^2.0 TCID₅₀/mL,比普通PCR方法高100倍;方法的重复性好,对同一样品进行10次检测,变异系数为2.28%;不同灭活剂用量和灭活时间对结果的影响较小,不会因各厂家使用的灭活剂用量和灭活时间不同,影响疫苗对比实验的公平性。该研究成功建立了一种评价猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗中病毒含量的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,用于猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗样品中病毒抗原含量的定量,其结果可以反映不同猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗样品中抗原含量差异,为研究猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗病毒抗原含量评估方法提供了新的思路。     

小耳花猪蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列扩增与分析

以分离自小耳花猪消化道内的蛔虫为研究对象,提取虫体的DNA片断,然后用引物对核糖体DNA(rDNA)的内转录间隔区ITS-1、ITS-2及5.8S序列进行PCR扩增。结果显示,目的片段ITS总长为1441 bp,2个不同样品之间的I TS序列没有差异。通过BLAST检索,与相关蛔虫I TS序列进行比较,发现与拜林蛔线虫(Bayl i sascari s t ransfuga)、猪蛔虫(Ascari s suum)和人蛔虫(Ascari s l umbri coi des)的ITS序列相似性分别为88%、98%和86%,与其他蛔虫的相似性均小于90%。     

PCR法扩增钙激活酶激活蛋白cDNA

钙激活酶激活蛋白是钙激活酶的激活蛋白, 可以促进钙激活酶活性的发挥, 从而促进肉的嫩化。采用PCR技术, 以山羊肝脏cDNA为模板经扩增得到钙激活酶激活蛋白(calpainactivator) 基因, 并进行了序列测定。该片段长1 017bp, 5′—端非翻译区长39bp, 3′—端非翻译区长567bp。编码区长411bp, 编码一个长137个氨基酸残基的蛋白质, 其理论分子量为14 298Da。与EdonMelloni等(1998) 报道的从牛脑中提取纯化的钙激活酶激活蛋白的氨基酸序列相比发现, 二者仅有五个位点不同。     

羊附红细胞体PCR诊断方法的建立及应用

根据羊附红细胞体16S rRNA基因序列设计特异性引物,建立了羊附红细胞体的PCR诊断方法.该方法能扩增羊附红细胞体16S rRNA基因片段,对大肠杆菌、羊无形体、羊源支原体、猪附红体和假单孢菌基因组DNA没有扩增出条带,所能检测羊附红细胞体DNA的最低量为1.82 pg/mL.运用所建立的方法对从重庆市荣昌县采集的110份羊血样进行附红细胞体检测,其中13份羊附红体感染阳性,表明该方法特异性和灵敏度高,可用于急性羊附红细胞体病和临床带菌羊的检测.     

Outbreak of anaplasmosis associated with novel genetic variants of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy cattle

During early lactation, dairy cows may present a transient immunosuppressive state and develop anaplasmosis caused by Anaplasma marginale. In this study, clinical anaplasmosis in dairy cattle in the Thrace region of Turkey was investigated with respect to within-herd prevalence, vertical transmission, and genetic diversity. In March and September 2015, thirty lactating cows showed primary clinical signs of anaplasmosis, including fever, anaemia, decreased milk yield, anorexia, and laboured breathing. Symptoms disappeared in most cows after administration of long-acting oxytetracycline, but nine of them (30%) died. Following diagnosis based on clinical signs, microscopy and molecular findings, blood samples were collected from apparently healthy lactating cows (n = 184), pregnant heifers (n = 39) and newborn calves (n = 24). DNA was extracted from each sample and analyzed for the presence of major surface proteins (MSPs) of A. marginale, followed by sequencing to assess diversity of isolates. Microscopic examination of erythrocytes revealed A. marginale inclusion bodies in symptomatic cows. Examination of thin blood smears showed 3.8% of the lactating, clinically asymptomatic, cows to be infected with A. marginale, while nPCR detected 31.0% positive. A. marginale infection was not detected in pregnant heifers by either method. Congenital infection was found in one calf by nPCR. This is the first report of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in Turkey. The MSP4 sequence analyses showed high genetic diversity among the isolates, presenting 97.6-99.6% homology at the amino acid level. The sequences of MSP1a amplicons revealed genetic diversity providing three new tandem repeats.     

胶孢炭疽菌T-DNA插入突变体库的构建及其分子分析

利用根癌农杆菌介导的T-DNA插入遗传转化体系转化杞果炭疽菌SC2菌株,共获得抗潮霉素B突变体4 680个,平均每转化1.0×106个炭疽菌分生孢子可得到300～980个突变体,且潮霉素抗性在多次传代实验中得到稳定遗传.随机挑取38个突变体进行PCR检测,均可扩增出1条约1.2 kb的目标谱带,说明突变体为T-DNA插入引起:进一步的Southern blot杂交分析结果表明,在随机挑选的20个突变体中,有1个(5%)为三拷贝T-DNA插入,4个(20%)为双拷贝插入,剩余的15个(75%)为单拷贝插入.     

转基因抗虫玉米的定量检测

建立高效、快速、准确的抗虫转基因玉米MIR162转化体特异性实时荧光PCR(real-time PCR)检测方法。采用SYBR Green I和Taqman探针2种定量方法对抗虫转基因玉米MIR162进行了检测研究。SYBR Green I法MIR162转化体特异性片段和内标基因zSSIIb的熔解曲线均表现为单一峰,扩增特异性强;二者的扩增效率均在90%~100%之间,标准曲线相关系数R2均大于0.998。2种定量方法的检测限(LOD)均为24个拷贝,定量限(LOQ)为48个拷贝,灵敏度较高。重复测试结果表明,SYBR Green I法的标准偏差(SD)变化范围为0.05~0.13,相对标准偏差(RSD)范围为0.17%~0.40%,Taqman探针法的SD变化范围为0.03~0.14,RSD范围为0.11%~0.44%,说明2种定量检测方法具有良好的重复性和精密度。对MIR162含量为3%、1%和0.5%的混合样品的定量结果为：3.13%、1.09%、0.53%（SYBR Green I法）和3.07%、1.02%、0.50%（Taqman探针法）,RSD均小于10%,T检验分析表明2种定量方法定值结果差异不显著。本研究建立的2种实时荧光定量PCR均可有效对转基因玉米MIR162进行定量检测,可根据不同实际需求及实验室条件进行选择相应的检测方法。     

柑橘黄龙病菌浓度对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响

为了定量衡量黄龙病菌量对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响,本实验以采自海南琼中橘园中感染了柑橘黄龙病的琼中绿橙为实验材料,用实时荧光定量PCR相对定量的方法测定果实中柑橘黄龙病菌的浓度,同时对果实品质的8个外在指标（果实纵经、横径、果形指数、单果重、果皮率、残渣率、种子数量、种子重量）和5个内在指标（果汁率、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比）进行测定,研究黄龙病菌浓度对琼中绿橙果实品质的影响。结果表明：随着琼中绿橙果实中柑橘黄龙病菌浓度的增大,果实外观品质变化明显的指标包括果实纵经、果形指数、单果重（p<0.05）,其中果实纵经呈现明显下降趋势,从64.97mm下降到57.44mm,相对较少11.59%;果形指数呈现明显上升趋势,从0.83上升到0.94,相对增多13.25%;单果重呈现下降趋势,从166.35g下降到109.66g,相对较少34.08%;果实横径、果皮率、残渣率、种子数量、种子重量等指标变化不明显。随着琼中绿橙果实中柑橘黄龙病菌浓度的增大,果实内在品质变化明显的指标为可溶性固形物含量,可溶性固形物含量呈现明显下降趋势（P<0.05）,从9.65%下降到8.19%,相对减少15.13%;果汁率、可食率、可滴定酸含量和TSS/TA没有明显变化。结论：在黄龙病菌浓度增加的情况下,琼中绿橙在果实外观、内在品质等多个指标呈现下降趋势。研究结果为定量评价黄龙病对柑橘果实的影响提供参考。     

柑橘黄龙病实时荧光PCR鉴定技术研究

[目的]建立一套高效、准确的柑橘黄龙病（HLB）早期鉴定手段。[方法]根据HLBsecE基因（EF164805.1）保守区域设计引物和探针,建立HLB的TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR鉴定技术。[结果]被检测的236个柑橘苗圃样品中,有54个苗圃感染了HLB,检出率为22.9%。引物特异性好。[结论]该检测方法具有快速、灵敏、重复性好等优点,其检测灵敏度达0.01 ng。