Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.     

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Marine-Derived Alkaloids via Enzymatic Reactions

Alkaloids are a large and structurally diverse group of marine-derived natural products. Most marine-derived alkaloids are biologically active and show promising applications in modern (agro)chemical, pharmaceutical, and fine chemical industries. Different approaches have been established to access these marine-derived alkaloids. Among these employed methods, biotechnological approaches, namely, (chemo)enzymatic synthesis, have significant potential for playing a central role in alkaloid production on an industrial scale. In this review, we discuss research progress on marine-derived alkaloid synthesis via enzymatic reactions and note the advantages and disadvantages of their applications for industrial production, as well as green chemistry for marine natural product research.     

云南地区扁穗雀麦繁殖对策研究

对云南野生种牧草扁穗雀麦的繁殖对策进行了初步研究,结果表明:有性繁殖和营养繁殖效果都很好,种子产量可以达到270.00 g/m2,且种子发芽率在无任何处理的情况下也能达到80%以上,总繁殖效力平均为34.24%。扁穗雀麦有性繁殖苗期生长缓慢,生长速率为0.361 cm/d,但分蘖以后生长速率加大,抽穗开花期达最大;扁穗雀麦营养繁殖成活率较高,为89.7%,生长速度比有性繁殖快,并且随植株长大,生长速率呈下降趋势;种子产量随地上生物量的增加而增加。     

释放不同益害比多异瓢虫对设施豇豆豆蚜的防效及定殖影响

设施豇豆生产中常遭受豆蚜Aphis craccivora (Koch)为害,蚜害可导致豇豆产量、品质下降等问题出现。多异瓢虫Hippodamia variegata (Goeze)为豆蚜的重要天敌,在豇豆生产用温室内,按多异瓢虫和豆蚜益害比1:10、1:20、1:40、1:60及1:80比例分别释放多异瓢虫成虫;同时,设置未释放天敌对照区。调查豆蚜和多异瓢虫种群数量和结构动态变化,比较豆蚜虫口减退率、防治效果、多异瓢虫定殖率及种群增长率等指标,确定持续防治豆蚜的最佳益害比。结果表明,在按益害比1:10和1:20释放多异瓢虫5～35 d后,其对豆蚜防效可达90%以上;但防治后期多异瓢虫定殖率低,防治成本较高。按益害比1:80释放多异瓢虫3～7 d后,对豆蚜防效高于60%,释放后期防效持效期为7 d,防治后期瓢虫定殖率和种群定殖速度较高。益害比为1:60和1:80时防治后期防效低、持效期短,但定殖率高于其他益害比。益害比1:40则兼具防效好和定殖率高的特点,可持续控制设施豇豆豆蚜的为害,是最佳释放比例。推荐将1:40作为多异瓢虫防治豇豆上豆蚜的参考益害比。     

自然降雨条件下砒砂岩坡面细沟微形态及其侵蚀特征

[目的]研究自然降雨条件下砒砂岩坡面细沟微形态及其侵蚀特征,为区域土壤侵蚀机制研究提供理论参考.[方法]选择裸露砒砂岩坡面为研究对象,采用野外径流小区原位监测与三维激光扫描技术结合的方法,分析砒砂岩坡区13次降雨过程中坡面细沟数量、形态以及几何特征的动态变化特征,揭示细沟微形态变化过程对坡面产流产沙的影响机制.[结果]...     

白茎盐生草幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应研究

采用盆栽试验对白茎盐生草幼苗进行为期0d、5d、10d、15d、20d、25d的自然失水胁迫,通过生理生长指标和叶片微观结构研究白茎盐生草幼苗对干旱胁迫的响应,为干旱半干旱区水土保持和生态恢复提供理论基础.研究表明:随干旱程度的加深,土壤含水率、白茎盐生草叶片肉质化程度、叶片相对含水量明显下降,而根冠比、质膜相对透性、...     

天然生胶杂质含量测量结果不确定度评定

根据GB/T 8086—2008规定的测定方法,分析了测定过程中的随机效应与系统效应,计算这两种效应对测定过程导致的不确定度和,最终对本方法所产生的不确定度给予综合评定。     

Comparative ecologies of domestic and naturalised rainbow trout in northern Lake Huron

Northern Lake Huron (Ontario, Canada) supports the largest concentration of freshwater salmonid cage culture farms in Canada and receives inputs of domestic‐strain rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through escapement. We assessed the potential effects of these domestic fish on the naturalised rainbow trout of this ecosystem by comparing their respective ecologies. Mature adults were sampled from spawning tributaries, primarily in spring, and to a lesser extent in fall. Fish of domestic origin comprised ~80% of rainbow trout sampled from sites near cage culture facilities but <20% of rainbow trout sampled from more distant sites. Domestic adults in spawning condition (gametes free‐flowing) were present in the spawning tributaries in both spring and fall sampling seasons, whereas naturalised fish in spawning condition were only observed in the spring. Domestic adults were younger and smaller (in length), appeared to have shorter lifespan and had a higher male to female ratio compared with their naturalised counterparts. Growth rates (change in length with age) of naturalised and domestic females in the wild were similar, but domestic males grew more slowly than naturalised males. Domestic females also produced smaller eggs than naturalised females. Food web positions (inferred from δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) of domestic and naturalised fish were very similar but varied more strongly with body size in the former. Domestic‐strain rainbow trout of cage culture origin can survive, grow and attempt to spawn in northern Lake Huron and have the potential to compete for food, mates and spawning habitat with naturalised rainbow trout.     

炭化条件对竹原纤维炭孔隙结构的影响分析

为研究炭化竹原纤维的特性,进一步提升竹原纤维的使用性能,拓宽竹原纤维的应用领域,采用可控电炉制备了不同炭化温度和不同保温时间条件下的炭化竹原纤维,利用全自动比表面积及孔隙度分析仪测试了炭化竹原纤维的比表面积、比孔容及平均孔径,探讨了炭化条件对其性能的影响。结果表明：随炭化温度的升高和保温时间的延长,炭化竹原纤维的比表面积、比孔容和孔径分布先增大后减小,在较优的工艺条件下,炭化竹原纤维的比表面积和比孔容最大值分别可达819.35m2/g和0.7358cm3/g,平均孔径最小可达2.0836nm。     

低效林的近自然经营技术

探讨了低效林的概念与类型,分析了低效林的成因及其改造方法,并针对我国长江上游大面积低效林的现状,试图通过引进近自然经营技术理念,为大面积地改造低效林,实现森林的可持续经营提供指导.