Element interconnections in Lotus japonicus: A systematic study of the effects of element additions on different natural variants

Lotus japonicus was used to study the distribution and interconnections of 15 elements in plant tissues, including essential and non-essential elements: boron (B), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), strontium (Sr), molybdenum (Mo), cadmium (Cd) and cesium (Cs). Large amounts of B and Ca accumulated in plant leaves, while Fe, Na, Ni, As and Cd tended to mainly occur in the roots, and Mo was the only element to accumulate in the stems. The elemental compositions within plants were severely disturbed by treatment with toxic elements. Competition between element pairs in the same group (e.g. K and Cs; Ca and Sr) was not found. Iron, Cu and Zn accumulation were induced by Cd and Ni addition. When natural variants grew in a nutrition solution with subtoxic levels of As, Cd, Cs, Ni, Mo and Sr, intriguing relationships between the elements (such as Fe, As and K; Mg and Ni; Mn and Ca) were revealed using principal-component analysis. This study on the plant ionome offers detailed information of element interactions and indicates that chemically different elements might be closely linked in uptake or translocation systems.     

鹿结核病的诊断方法研究进展

鹿结核病是由结核分枝杆菌引起的鹿的一种慢性、消耗性传染病,广泛流行于世界各地,几乎每个国家的鹿场都曾发生过结核病或曾经检出过结核病菌.鹿结核病目前尚无规定性的诊断方法,本文对鹿结核病的诊断方法研究进展作综述,作为进一步研究发展鹿结核病的诊断方法的借鉴.     

Molecular Evidence for Persistence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in the Absence of Clinical Abnormalities in Horses after Recovery from Acute Experimental Infection

Background: Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects several mammalian species, and can persist in sheep, dogs, and calves. However, whether this organism persists in horses or induces long-term clinical abnormalities is not known.
Objectives: To evaluate whether A. phagocytophilum can persist in horses and to document clinical findings for 3 months after complete recovery from acute disease.
Animals: Five clinically normal adult horses that had recovered spontaneously from experimentally induced acute disease caused by a Swedish equine isolate of A. phagocytophilum .
Methods: Horses were monitored for up to 129 days post inoculation (PI) by daily clinical examination and at least alternate day blood sampling for evidence of A. phagocytophilum on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and blood smears. All horses were euthanized and underwent postmortem examination.
Results: All horses were periodically PCR positive after recovery from acute infection. Before day 66 PI 2 horses were persistently PCR negative whereas 3 horses were intermittently PCR positive. Subsequently, 4 of 5 horses were intermittently PCR positive, particularly after stress mimicking interventions. One animal was positive immediately before postmortem examination. Clinical abnormalities related to persistence of anaplasma were not observed. No specific changes were found at postmortem examination, and all sampled tissues from all horses were negative on PCR for A. phagocytophilum .
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Infection with A. phagocytophilum can persist in the horse for at least 129 days. However, the continued presence of the organism is not associated with detectable clinical or pathological abnormalities.     

典型设施栽培土壤重金属含量变化及其风险评价

采用野外调查采样和室内分析相结合的方法,对典型设施栽培地山东寿光的部分土壤重金属含量进行测定,并根据温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准,选取单项污染指数法和尼梅罗综合指数法对土壤的重金属污染状况进行了环境质量评价。结果表明,重金属Cu、C r、Pb在设施栽培土壤耕层(0—20 cm)的含量达最大值,显著高于露地土壤;而设施栽培土壤中Zn和Cd的含量分别在20—40 cm和40—60 cm的土层达到最大值,其中Zn含量在0—20 cm和60—80 cm的土层显著高于露地土壤,Cd含量在0—20 cm,40—60 cm,60—80 cm和80—100 cm的土层显著高于露地土壤。从不同使用年限设施栽培土壤中重金属含量变化看出,重金属在设施栽培24~年的土壤中含量最高。对研究区设施栽培土壤重金属含量进行风险评估及分级发现,山东寿光设施土壤耕层主要受到重金属Cd的污染。     

农业产业链理论与实践研究进展

通过对农业产业链相关研究的文献综述,界定了产业链和农业产业链的内涵。从农业产业链运行绩效的评价与影响因素、实证研究方法三方面,介绍了国内外农业产业链运行的实证研究现状,分析了农业产业链整合管理的研究进展。     

重金属对无尾两栖类蝌蚪的毒性效应研究进展

无尾两栖类蝌蚪对水的依赖性极强,且鳃和皮肤具有很强的渗透性,当其受到重金属污染胁迫时,在行为表现、生长发育、组织结构和生理生化等方面都会发生显著变化,因此可以用来监测环境的变化。在总结国内外相关研究基础上,本文综述和分析了国内对无尾两栖类蝌蚪重金属毒性效应的研究进展,分析目前用于研究的无尾两栖类蝌蚪的种类、重金属离子的类型及毒理作用,以期为重金属离子的水环境监测提供科学依据。     

注意力与前作业负荷变化对油锯手心率影响

通过对不同注意力及前作业负荷情况下油锯手心率变化的研究,运用统计分析等数学方法,得出作业中注意力不集中是影响作业者心率主要因素;不同前作业负荷条件下作业者心率主要与作用力有关。     

竹腔施肥对毛竹笋中重金属及微量元素的影响研究

对连续5年施肥及未实施竹腔施肥的毛竹笋中重金属及微量元素含量进行测量,数据显示：竹腔施肥后,笋中重金属铅减少了78％,镉减少了52％,砷提高了31％;微量元素铜提高了18％,锌减少了18％、硼减少了16％、钼减少了80％;施肥前后,亚硝酸盐及汞笋内均未检出。分析结果表明：竹腔施肥有利于提高毛竹笋的食用安全性及营养价值。     

应用PCR和测序技术诊断吉安和抚州两地区的柑橘黄龙病

柑橘黄龙病是国内植物检疫对象,明确其地理分布对控制黄龙病扩散具有重要意义.于2008年10～11月赴吉安和抚州可疑黄龙病桔园采集30份病样,其中吉安地区19份,抚州地区11份,采用PCR方法对这30份样品进行柑橘黄龙病菌检测,结果从吉安地区4个病样(遂川县1个、万安县2个、泰和县1个)和阳性对照中扩增到预期的长约700 bp的DNA片段,其他样品和阴性对照中则没有预期的DNA片段产生.选择遂川双桥1号、万安窑头1号和泰和文田4号3个分离物的PCR产物进行纯化、测序,从中各获得一段长为654 nt的序列.经同源性比较发现,这3条DNA序列不仅完全相同,而且它们与已报道的柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种国内外所有分离物的对应序列的同源性也均为100%,但它们与已报道的柑橘黄龙病菌非洲种核苷酸序列同源性只有79.6%,结果表明上述3个柑橘黄龙病菌分离物均属于亚洲种.柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种在吉安地区遂川、万安和泰和县存在的发现,希望能引起有关部门足够的重视.