Comparative effects of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E on some growth and plasma biochemical changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during cadmium exposure

Phytobiotics include a large number of active components which potentially have a growth‐promoting effects and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E on growth and plasma biochemical parameters of common carp exposed to cadmium. Fish (34 ± 3 g) were divided into four groups and fed four distinct diets including commercial diet without any additive (for control and metal only group) and supplemented with either 1% ground Shirazi thyme or 100 mg kg^?1 vitamin E for 45 days. At the end of the feeding trial, all treatments except control group were exposed to sub‐lethal concentration of waterborne cadmium for 15 days and sampling was done on days 0, 7 and 15 after the metal exposure. According to the results, dietary inclusion of thyme prevented the harmful effects of cadmium and also improved fish growth and nutritional indices including weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate and condition factor. Results also revealed that Shirazi thyme was more effective than vitamin E. Similarly, no changes in the hepatosomatic, viscerosomatic and bile somatic indices were observed. Plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) and metabolites were not altered due to thyme supplementation compared to the control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1% ground Shiraz thyme improved the growth and health status of fish and showed better hepatorenoprotective properties than vitamin E during waterborne cadmium exposure in common carp juveniles. It might be conceivable to consider Shirazi thyme as a potential phytobiotic for incorporation in fish diet.     

Determination of primary structure of amberjack myosin heavy chain and its relationship with structural stability of various fish myosin rods

The structural stability of fish myosin depends upon species and temperatures of water in which fish live. Primary, secondary, and quaternary structures of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) from three species of fish living at different temperature ranges have been compared with those of rabbit MyHC in order to investigate the differences in stability. Primary structure of MyHC, although being accessible for warm-water and cold-water fish (carp and walleye pollack), was not available in previous for tropical-water fish literature; so in this study primary structure of MyHC of the tropical-water fish amberjack has been determined by cloning and sequencing its cDNA. The MyHC has 1938 amino acid residues (AA), which are almost as much as as those of carp and walleye pollack. The amberjack MyHC is 91–95% homologous with other fish and rabbit MyHCs. There is a discernible difference between animal species with stable myosin rod (amberjack, carp, and rabbit) and walleye pollack with unstable rod. Stable rod species have a high probability of forming coiled-coil around the COOH-terminal end of the rod, while the pollack has a low coiled-coil formation probability. In addition, the average scores of the coiled-coil for myosin rod were rabbit (1.738) > amberjack (1.691) > carp (1.680) > walleye pollack (1.674) which correlated exactly with the observed stability. The results suggest that coiled-coil forming ability, particularly around the COOH-terminal end, directs structural stability of fish myosin rod.     

2013年威海南部近岸海域表层海水重金属分布特征及污染评价

于2013年春季、夏季及秋季对威海南部近岸海域表层海水重金属进行调查,分析了重金属含量分布特征并利用重金属综合污染指数(WQI)进行污染评价。采用多元线性回归方法分析了重金属含量与表层海水盐度、pH及化学需要量之间的相关性。结果表明,威海南部近岸海域表层海水水质良好,符合二类海水水质标准,受外源输入的影响较大;综合污染指数均远低于1,呈现从海岸线向外海逐渐降低的趋势;重金属元素含量与环境要素测值(pH、盐度及COD)之间相关性顺序为:As>Hg>Cu>Cd>Pb>Zn。     

海洋底部鱼类加工行业价值链提升与优化——基于山东省鱼类企业的调研

中国是水产品加工大国,近年来水产品加工业的发展受到国际环境及国内因素制约,比较优势逐渐下降。本文基于底部鱼类加工企业的实地调查数据,采用价值链分析方法,估算我国水产加工环节中的价值增量,分析加工业中存在的问题及其制约因素,进一步提出相应的改进措施,以提升我国底部鱼类加工业的竞争优势。     

基于核酸适配体的PCR法检测溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌

溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)分布广,数量多,发病率高,是水产养殖中常见的条件致病菌,而对溶藻弧菌进行快速准确的识别鉴定是其病害防治的前提和基础。核酸适配体,因为具有较高的亲和特异性,在微生物的识别鉴定方面展现出了巨大的优势。本文利用核酸适配体和适配体筛选产物,通过结合、洗涤、加热分离、PCR扩增以及电泳检测等步骤,对溶藻弧菌进行了检测鉴定。结果表明,适配体和筛选产物都能对溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌进行较好的识别鉴定,适配体筛选产物对溶藻弧菌的检测下限为10~3cfu/mL,而对其灭活菌的检测下限为10~2cfu/mL,适配体对溶藻弧菌及其灭活菌的检测下限都可达到10 cfu/mL。该方法对溶藻弧菌有较好的亲和特异性,并能较好地区分溶藻弧菌与哈维氏弧菌等水产常见病原菌,在水产病害的检测中显示了较好的应用前景。     

海洋重金属污染的研究进展

随着社会文明的发展,海洋污染已成为全球关注的问题.由于沿海城市的发展与工业化进程,工农业和生活污水的不断排入,造成近岸海域严重污染,导致了近岸海域的环境质量下降[1-2].     

不同海域鲍体镉分布特征与健康风险评价

文章对中国部分海域鲍体镉（cd）的质量分数与分布特征进行了分析讨论,并对鲍体cd对人体的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,1）鲍体W（Cd）总体上呈正态分布,其平均值为0．88mg·kg^-1,变化范围为0．06-1 2．02mg·kg^-1,其中广东、福建、山东和辽宁海域鲍体W（Cd）分别为（0．42±0．21）mg·kg^-1、（0．61±0．27）mg·kg^-1、（1．21±0．35）mg·kg^-1和（1．52±0．20）mg·kg^-1,不同海域鲍体W（Cd）差异显著（P〈0．05）。2）鲍体W（Cd）高于鱼类、头足类和甲壳类海洋生物,与贝类产品埘（Cd）相当;鲍体W（Cd）与栖息环境中cd的污染程度有密切关系。3）鲍体cd对人体的致癌性年风险指数低于国际辐射防护委员会推荐的风险水平,通过鲍膳食途径的人体cd暴露量低于世界卫生组织／联合国粮食和农业组织的食品添加剂联合专家委员会推荐的暂定每周耐受摄人量推荐值。研究结果对于鲍的健康养殖和安全消费具有指导意义。     

活品流通过程中虾夷扇贝风味品质的变化

为探索采捕后活品贝类品质的变化规律及评价体系,本研究以活品底播虾夷扇贝为研究对象,针对其闭壳肌的感官及理化特性,系统探讨了在活品流通过程中的风味品质变化规律.根据产业现有的流通模式,建立湿运和干运2条模拟流通链进行为期7d的跟踪研究,通过感官及理化分析监测其风味品质的变化情况;感官监测的指标包含气味、滋味、后味、质地及色泽等5个方面,理化分析包括游离氨基酸、核苷酸关联物、糖原、状态指数CI、剪切力以及蒸煮损失率等指标;针对分析检测结果,首先采用主成分分析方法(PCA)分析风味特征的变化规律,再通过偏最小二乘法(PLS2)对感官和理化二者间的相关性进行分析.研究结果发现,流通链初期,采捕后的剧烈胁迫导致风味品质短暂下降,感官分析出现了苦味、酸味等非愉悦描述词;流通链中期,逐渐适应并处于比较稳定的净化环境条件,风味品质得到恢复,风味特征主要体现在甜味、鲜味、海鲜味等愉悦描述词方面;流通链后期,苦味及酸味等非愉悦描述词再次出现.理化指标的分析结果表明,活品流通过程中扇贝的生命状态整体上呈下降趋势.对比干运与湿运,无论是感官品质还是生命状态,均发现干运在较短期运输(≤2d)时优于湿运,湿运则在较长运输期(≥3 d)时显现出一定优势.感官与理化的相关性分析结果表明,二者之间有关联的特征指标分别为,感官特征的甜(T-ST)、鲜(AT-UM)和奶香(O-DR),理化指标的Gly、Glu、Arg、ATP、AEC及CI,这些指标能够较客观地反映采捕后虾夷扇贝活品流通过程中的风味品质差异,可为建立活品贝类流通过程的品质评价体系提供参考.     

洞庭湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征及生态风险评价

为探究洞庭湖表层沉积物中营养盐和重金属的空间分布特征与生态风险,2012年2月和2013年4月在东、南、西洞庭湖各取3个共计9个具有代表性样点的表层沉积物,测定其有机质（OM）、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）、铅（Pb）和铬（Cr）的含量。结果表明,洞庭湖表层沉积物中 OM、TN 和 TP 的含量分别为1．48％～4．22％、382～2217 mg／kg 和142～716 mg／kg,与国内其他湖泊（水库）相比,OM和 TN 含量处于中等水平;OM和 TN 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区,TP 表现为东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区＞南洞庭湖区。洞庭湖表层沉积物中,Cd、Hg、As、Pb 和 Cr 的含量分别为0.60～20．70 mg／kg、0.090～0．640 mg／kg、10．4～83．7 mg／kg、16．9～95．8 mg／kg 和59．0～199．0 mg／kg,其中 Cd 和 As 超过土壤环境质量三级标准,是主要的重金属污染物;Cd 和 Hg 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区;As、Pb 和 Cr 的空间分布相似,表现为南洞庭湖区＞东洞庭湖区＞西洞庭湖区。初步评价结果显示,除 TP 外,其余营养盐和重金属均具有引起较低生态风险的可能性,横岭湖和虞公庙的 Cd、As 和 Cr 以及洞庭湖出口的 Cr 具有引起较高生态风险的可能性;受 Cd 和 As 含量较高的影响,南洞庭湖区具有较高的生态风险。     

Application of crop growth simulation and mathematical modeling to supply chain management in the Thai sugar industry

The poorly integrated cane supply planning between mills and cane growers in the Northeast of Thailand generates an excess of cane supplies that exceeds the mills’ capacity during the peak of harvest season. Each grower individually determines his/her cultivation plan by selecting planting dates and cultivars based on one’s own preference without taking into account the individual mill’s capacity and other growers’ plans. This situation causes most sugarcane grown in this area to reach its mature stage at the same period. In this study, we propose a framework of cultivation planning to cope with the problem. The focus of the cultivation plan is a long-term plan to determine the cultivation time, the cultivar selection and the corresponding prospective harvesting time window for each field such that overall sugar production is optimized.The crop growth model and a mathematical model are employed for yield simulation and optimization task. The crop growth model enables decision-makers to visualize cane production of each individual field at different dates with different cultivars and allow decision-makers to apply the mathematical programming to cultivation planning. The suggested framework has the potential to increase sugar production by 23% when compared to the traditional method.