Comparison of DC Pollution Flashover Performance of Various Types of Long String Insulators

With the development of EHV/UHV DC transmission projects, it is inevitable to study DC pollution flashover performance of long insulator strings. The DC artificial pollution tests of five types of porcelain and glass insulators have been carried out in the artificial climate chamber. The paper analyzes the relationship between 50% flashover voltage U50 and string length, the relationship between U50 and salt deposit density, flashover voltage gradients and valid creepage distances of DC polluted insulators. Based on the test results of insulator strings of 5 - 23 units, there are linear relationship between the 50% DC flashover voltages and string length. The experimental results show that the pollution flashover performances of various types of insulators are different, and that the pollution degree exponents of polluted insulators are affected ainsulator materials and shapes, whose values are 0.3 to 0.36. Under the same pollution degree, the pollution performances of glass insulators have advantage of those of porcelain insulators with the same configuration and the flashover voltage gradient along creepage distance and valid creepage distances of glass insulators are higher than those of porcelain insulators.     

保水剂在京郊果园的应用试验研究

重点研究了果园施用保水剂后剖面土壤水分动态、果树耗水规律 ,探讨了保水剂作用下土壤水分对果树生长、果实生长发育、产量与品质的影响规律 ,同时对保水剂在山区果园的应用进行了经济可行性分析     

施用茚虫威饵剂后红火蚁的蚁巢迁移及弃尸行为

红火蚁Solenopsis invicta是典型的社会性昆虫, 在防控过程中容易引起红火蚁巢体迁移和弃尸等现象, 影响防控效果。本研究对标记好的蚁巢施用茚虫威饵剂, 然后定时观察新增加的蚁巢数量和工蚁弃尸量。结果表明, 施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂后, 所有处理均有新蚁巢出现, 施药后5~10 d, 新蚁巢大量出现, 随后蚁群趋向稳定, 新增蚁巢减少, 至处理后25~30 d, 再次出现新蚁巢。0.1%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理在施药后5 d出现8个新蚁巢, 药后10 d和30 d分别又新增5个蚁巢, 其他时间新增蚁巢数较少。按处理剂量, 药后30 d, 2种药剂15 g/巢处理出现的新巢数量均显著高于25 g/巢处理。0.1%茚虫威15 g/巢处理, 校正蚁巢累计增加率高达124.98%, 0.08%茚虫威饵剂15 g/巢处理为89.05%; 0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢处理, 校正蚁巢累计增加率分别为12.00%和51.34%。施用15 g/巢饵剂后2 d开始有大量工蚁尸体被丢弃, 至药后4 d弃尸量达最大值, 0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂处理弃尸量分别为330.5头/巢和300.2头/巢, 随后呈逐步下降趋势, 至14 d, 弃尸量降至最低。施药后8 d内弃尸量达总弃尸量75.26%以上, 至药后10 d, 已达总弃尸量的90.08%以上。施用0.08%和0.1%茚虫威饵剂25 g/巢的处理新蚁巢出现较少, 表明施用相对低剂量的饵剂, 更容易引起蚁巢迁移。红火蚁的弃尸行为主要发生在饵剂施用后的前8 d。     

NMR-Based Configurational Assignments of Natural Products: Gibbs Sampling and Bayesian Inference Using Floating Chirality Distance Geometry Calculations

Floating chirality restrained distance geometry (fc-rDG) calculations are used to directly evolve structures from NMR data such as NOE-derived intramolecular distances or anisotropic residual dipolar couplings (RDCs). In contrast to evaluating pre-calculated structures against NMR restraints, multiple configurations (diastereomers) and conformations are generated automatically within the experimental limits. In this report, we show that the “unphysical” rDG pseudo energies defined from NMR violations bear statistical significance, which allows assigning probabilities to configurational assignments made that are fully compatible with the method of Bayesian inference. These “diastereomeric differentiabilities” then even become almost independent of the actual values of the force constants used to model the restraints originating from NOE or RDC data.     

鸭亲本间遗传距离与杂交后代杂种优势关系的研究

运用随机扩增多态DNA方法,对樱桃谷鸭、麻鸭及其杂交一代和用F1作为母本再与父本番鸭属间杂交培育的三元杂交半番鸭(F2)基因组DNA进行了遗传分析。结果表明,RAPD可用于有效标记鸭品种之间遗传亲缘关系和杂种优势预测;在所使用的20种随机引物中,5个鸭种共产生760条带,其中多态性带568条,占总条带数的 74．7％,说明鸭群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性;杂交一代多态性位点比例为67．9％,遗传相似度为0．822 7,三元杂交二代多态性位点比例为83．1％,遗传相似度为0．826 4。说明三元杂交子二代的杂种优势可以用杂种优势理论中的显形假说来解释。     

不同位置秸秆覆盖条件下土壤水盐运动实验研究

以地下水与土壤水动力学理论为基础,通过对不同地下水埋深不同位置秸秆覆盖试验资料分析,建立了土壤水分运动数学模型,并进行了数值模拟,试验实测数据与模型计算值吻合较好,说明所建立的模型是可行的。并以此为基础,分析了不同地下水埋深不同位置秸秆覆盖土壤含盐量,得出地表以下30 cm处秸秆覆盖的土壤含盐量大于地表表层秸秆覆盖的土壤含盐量,这为新疆地区控制潜水蒸发改良盐碱地研究提供了可靠的基础依据。     

旋转式微喷头转速对水力性能影响的试验研究

通过试验分析了旋转式微喷头的转速对水力性能的影响,试验处理设置为:3种喷嘴直径,分别为1.4mm、1.8 mm和2.4 mm;5种阻尼脂量,分别为无阻尼、1/6阻尼脂、1/3阻尼脂、2/3阻尼脂和全阻尼。结果表明,利用阻尼脂可以显著降低微喷头的转速,在100~250 kPa工作压力下,微喷头的转速可以从无阻尼时的2230~4225 r/min降到全阻尼时的0.1~1.1 r/min。与无阻尼的高速旋转微喷头比较,低转速微喷头可以显著增加射程,在100~250 kPa工作压力时,其射程增加20.5%~31.8%。而在低转速区,微喷头的射程变化不大,在200kPa工作压力下,直径1.8 mm喷嘴微喷头转速从0.41 r/min增加到6.1 r/min时,射程仅降低4.4%。与无阻尼的高转速微喷头比较,低转速微喷头水量分布更趋近于三角形分布。     

条斑紫菜6个品系的SRAP分析

为鉴别条斑紫菜不同品系的种质,使用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对条斑紫菜的5个选育品系和1个野生品系进行遗传分析,结果从35对引物组合中筛选出可扩增出稳定清晰条带的组合11对,共获得131个扩增位点,其中多态性位点125个,多态性比例高达95.42%。6个品系 间的遗传距离为0.364 3～0.867 9,平均为0.593 0。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果将6个品系分为2个群,所反映的亲缘关系与各品系的来源基本一致,说明SRAP 标记技术可以成为条斑紫菜品系间遗传分析的有效工具。在131个多态性位点中,选择扩增出的4个位点构建了6个品系的指纹图谱。另外,通过ME1/EM6引物组合 扩增得到耐高温品系TM-18的特异性条带,经回收测序和重新设计引物,该条带在其丝状体和叶状体DNA中均能稳定地被扩增出来,可用于该品系的种质鉴别 。     

Comparative feeding, growth and movements of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr from riverine and estuarine environments

Abstract– The diet composition, movcments and growth of Atlantic salmon parr rearing in the estuary of Western Arm Brook, Newfoundland were compared with those of parr from riverine habitats over 2 years. Estuarine parr consumed a variety of prey, including many freshwater taxa (mainly insects), which indicated a dependence on freshwater drift from the river. Prey of estuarine origin (amphipods and sticklebacks) were increasingly consumed between spring and autumn. Prey volume per fish and number of prey per fish increased significantly for estuarine parr between spring and autumn, suggesting an improvement in food availability. Riverine parr, however, realized a general decrease in both parameters between spring and autumn. The recapture of 16% ( n = 131) of the 829 parr marked in the estuary in 1987 and 1988 indicated a directed movement toward the head of the estuary and river mouth, as also suggested by the diet analysis. Parr from outer estuary sites were very mobile compared with parr from the estuary site closest to the river mouth, which behaved more like parr in the river proper in displaying strong site fidelity. Movement patterns of parr were primarily along the shoreline. Individual growth rates were highly variable in both environments but especially in the estuary. The mean growth of estuarine parr was 0.23 mm. d⁻¹ between May and October with some evidence of fastest growth having occurred in late spring and early summer (approx. 0.4 mm. d⁻¹); mean growth rate of riverine parr was slower, at 0.12 mm. d⁻¹. The results are discussed in the context that estuarine rearing by salmon parr represents an alternative life-history tactic for the species in river systems in eastern Canada.