植原体引起雪花木小叶病在中国的首次报道

2022年首次在广州市发现园林植物雪花木小叶病病株, 采用分子生物学技术对其进行植原体的种类鉴定。以雪花木叶片总DNA为模板, 利用植原体16S rRNA通用引物P1/P7进行PCR扩增, 获得广东雪花木小叶病植原体(BLL-GD2022)16S rRNA基因片段(1 811 bp, GenBank登录号为OQ625536)。16S rRNA序列相似性显示, BLL-GD2022与16SrVI组植原体株系的相似性最高, 为97.05%~99.83%, 其中与隶属于16SrVI-D亚组的10个植原体株系相似性为99.21%~99.83%。系统进化分析显示, BLL-GD2022与16SrVI组各植原体株系聚类在一个大分支, 其中与16SrVI-D亚组成员聚类在一个小分支, 亲缘关系最近。基于16S rRNA序列的iPhyClassifier限制性内切酶虚拟RFLP分析表明, BLL-GD2022与16SrVI-D亚组的参考株系Brinjal little leaf phytoplasma (GenBank登录号为X83431)的酶切图谱一致, 相似系数为1.00。基于上述研究结果, 明确广州市雪花木小叶病植原体隶属16SrVI-D亚组成员。本研究首次在园林植物雪花木上检测到植原体, 通过16S rRNA序列分析明确为16SrVI-D亚组成员, 为开展16SrVI-D亚组植原体在蔬菜、花卉和园林植物的发生监测及病害防控提供科学依据。     

贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建

为精准鉴定贵州荞麦种质资源,采用SSR分子标记对60份荞麦种质进行遗传多样性分析,构建DNA分子身份证数据库。结果显示,从100对SSR引物中筛选出16对稳定性好、多态性丰富的引物,在60份供试种质中共扩增出174个多态性条带;Shannon’s信息指数、Nei’s多样性指数、多态信息指数均值分别为0.337、0.206、0.693,引物的多态性较好,能有效揭示60份荞麦种质的遗传多样性;在Dice遗传相似系数为0.374时,所有供试材料可聚为A、B、C 三组;当Dice遗传相似系数为0.484时,将苦荞组（A组）更细分为A1、A2两个小组。采用毛细管电泳及8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳对SSR标记扩增产物进行双验证,2种方法的聚类结果一致。结果表明,本研究开发的高效性SSR分子标记能够有效地鉴定贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性且用于构建分子身份证。     

Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.     

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers. Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans, sesamin and sesamolin. Accordingly, many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year. The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and se...     

Potential Anti-Obesity,Anti-Steatosis,and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye

DNA samples from an F₂ progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.     

菜心重要农艺性状与SSR分子标记的关联分析

菜心是华南地区的主要蔬菜,利用分子标记辅助育种发掘出与重要农艺性状相关的分子,不仅可以加速优良品种的选育进程,还可以定向地优化目标性状,培育出高产优质的菜心品种.本研究选用148 份来自宁夏银川和广东南沙田间种植的菜心种质材料,采集株高、株质量、薹高、薹质量和薹粗5 个重要农艺性状的数据;利用SSR 标记对其进行基因分...     

深圳填海区植物根际土壤耐盐菌株筛选与鉴定

【目的】耐盐菌在盐渍土壤中分布广泛,研究其分布特征可为下一步盐渍土改良和降低植物盐害工作提供有益参考。【方法】从深圳坝光和宝安填海区灌木根际采集10个土壤样品,利用不同浓度的NaCl培养基分离耐盐菌种,并通过电镜形态观察和基因组DNA扩增测序对其进行鉴定。【结果】从灌木根际土壤中分离出66株根际菌株,其中14株具有强耐盐能力,可在10%～14% NaCl浓度下生长。电镜结果和16S rDNA序列分析表明,深圳坝光和宝安填海区土壤耐盐菌种类丰富且形态差异明显,14株细菌中有13株来自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),1株来自溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)。此外,对其中3株耐盐菌的碳源利用能力分析结果表明,3株菌具有不同的碳源利用能力,NY12可利用的碳源种类最多。【结论】首次对灌木根际耐盐菌株进行分离鉴定,共分离出14株强耐盐菌株,其形态和碳源利用能力差异显著。     

松阳县古松树的松材线虫病现状调查与分析

古松树是历史的见证,是文化的承载,其保护工作具有重要意义,但因松材线虫的传播侵染,其生存状况不容乐观。本研究以松阳古松树为对象,基于分子检测技术,对其松材线虫病现状进行了调查与分析。结果表明,有12个乡镇近60%的古松树均已感病,疫情较为严重,需及时开展抗病保护工作。