钾肥与吲哚-3-乙酸共同作用对小麦-麦长管蚜-短翅蚜小蜂三级营养关系的影响

为明确钾肥和吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)的相互作用对调控小麦-麦长管蚜-短翅蚜小蜂载体植物系统内3个营养级生长发育的影响,通过外源浇灌含223.5、447和894 mg/L KCl的Hoagland营养液和喷施0、50、150和250 mg/L IAA溶液的组合,研究了其对小麦叶片各生理指标、麦长管蚜体重差及体内代谢酶活力、短翅蚜小蜂体长及体内代谢酶活力的影响。结果表明,不同KCl和IAA组合对3个营养级的影响差异显著。447 mg/L KCl与150 mg/L IAA处理下的小麦叶面积最大,为9.57±0.16 cm²;223.5 mg/L KCl与50、250 mg/L IAA处理组的叶片含水量最高,达89.69%;叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最高的处理组是447 mg/L KCl与250 mg/L IAA;麦长管蚜体重增长最多及短翅蚜小蜂体长最长的处理组均为447 mg/L KCl与50 mg/L IAA;各处理组对3个营养级酶活水平的影响程度不同。KCl和IAA在多个指标中表现出交互效应,表明选用合适的组合不仅能饲养出优异的适宜繁殖寄生蜂的替代寄主,还可最大限度地培养优秀蜂源。     

营养条件对海蜇螅状体形成足囊及足囊萌发的影响

用卤虫(Artemia)无节动体作为海蜇(Rhopilema esculenta)螅状幼体的饵料,按不同投饵频次划分为7个营养水平,考察不同营养水平对海蜇螅状体形成足囊及足囊萌发的影响。结果表明,营养条件不仅对螅状体形成足囊的数量有直接影响,而且对足囊萌发也有明显的间接影响。在具备丰富的营养条件下,螅状体形成足囊活跃,个体大,易于萌发;缺乏营养则抑制足囊形成,即使形成足囊,个体也小,不萌发或萌发率很低。     

分子间的作用及其结构适应性

某些分子间的作用无法的用范德华力、氢键、介电常数、偶极矩等化学基本理论来加以解释，引入控制论的方法对这些分析间的作用进行研究后的结果表明，选择性分析间引力很可能是分子是最强的物理作用，而分子间的化学作用亦与分子间的结构适应性密切相关。     

番茄成熟突变体rin基因的AFLP分子标记

研究以番茄成熟突变体品种07905和正常成熟品种07009为亲本材料,分析鉴定了其F1代及F2代分离群体各单株在完熟期果实的成熟表现。结果表明,番茄成熟突变体rin基因所控制的性状是单隐性遗传性状。用1 024对引物对2个亲本及F2代分离群体进行AFLP分析,得到4个与番茄成熟突变体rin基因紧密连锁的标记,分别为E51M81-B、E46M37-F、E32M33-A和E60M81-E,与突变体rin基因的连锁遗传距离分别为4.9、8.8、10.9和12.5 cM。     

翘嘴鳜和斑鳜肌肉营养成分及氨基酸组成比较

对斑鳜和翘嘴鳜肌肉进行营养成分分析,然后对2种鱼的营养价值进行比较评价,结果表明,斑鳜肌肉鲜样的蛋白质含量为18．77％,高于翘嘴鳜的16．77％;但斑鳜脂肪含量为0.37％,低于翘嘴鳜的1．50％。从氨基酸组成来看,每g翘嘴鳜肌肉干样的氨基酸总量为776．4mg,必需氨基酸总量为302．4mg,4种呈味氨基酸的总量为311．7mg：而每g斑鳜肌肉千重的3者含量分别为812.9,317.9,324．9mg。因此,2种鳜鱼营养价值高,都是优良的养殖品种：相比较之下,斑鳜的粗蛋白含量高、脂肪和灰分较低,营养价值高于翘嘴鳜。     

黄颡鱼的生物学特性与养殖技术

通过对黄颡鱼的生物学特性、繁殖技术、苗种培育技术、养殖技术、放养模式、病害防治技术的系统研究，探明了黄颡鱼的食性、溶氧需求、温度适应性、盐度耐受性等生物学特性，报道了黄颡鱼繁殖与苗种培育措施，提出池塘养殖所需配套技术及常见病害防治技术。     

Molecular cloning of the cDNA encoding the β subunit of thyrotropin and regulation of its gene expression by thyroid hormones in the goldfish, Carassius auratus

A cDNA encoding the subunit of thyrotropin (TSH) was isolated from a goldfish (Carassius auratus) pituitary gland cDNA library. By comparing the sequence with other teleost TSHs, a signal peptide of 19 amino acids and a mature hormone of 131 amino acids were predicted for goldfish TSH subunits. The resulting putative mature hormone of 131 amino acids had well-conserved cysteine positions and a putative N-linked glycosylation site; homology was 51–67% with TSHs from other teleosts, 38–43% with tetrapod TSHs, but only 27 and 29% with goldfish GTH-I and -II, respectively. We also examined the effects of thyroid hormones (TH) and thiourea (TU, an inhibitor of TH production) treatments on TSH and GTH subunit gene expressions in the goldfish pituitary gland. After thyroxine (T₄) treatment, circulating T₄ concentration increased and TSH mRNA level decreased. Supressing the amount of circulating T₄ and triiodothyronine (T₃) by TU treatment increased the TSH mRNA level. Moreover, T₄ replacement therapy (simultaneous treatment of both TU and T₄) caused a high level of circulating T₄ and a low level of circulating T₃, and a decrease in the TSH mRNA level. Thus, changing levels of circulating TH exert a negative feedback on the level of TSH subunit mRNA in goldfish in vivo. On the other hand, GTH subunit mRNA levels were not affected by changes in the levels of circulating TH.     

山杏种源试验与选择初步研究

通过对山杏进行种源苗期、林期试验和RAPD分子标记实验,结果表明:种源间苗高、地径、冠幅等性状存在极显著差异,且广义遗传力较高;内蒙古东西部山杏种源间差异明显;山杏性状间具有相关性;初步选择出敖汉旗为最佳种源;种源间遗传分化程度较高,种源内遗传多样性排序为敖汉旗>巴林右旗>乌拉山>万家沟。本文为山杏遗传改良和合理开发利用提供了研究基础和科学依据。     

Variability in growth and nutrient accumulation in sorghum grown in waterlogged soils

Abstract

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential crop for use in lowland paddy soils following rice in the Philippines. Little is known about the variability in sorghum germplasm with respect to yield potential in these soils, or the alterations in mineral uptake which might occur if late season rains resulted in waterlogging. Eight sorghum cultivars including the most widely used Philippine cultivar were grown after rice under flooded or non‐flooded conditions. Flooding was initiated 30 days after seeding and terminated when most cultivars were at or near the boot growth stage. Flooding markedly reduced dry matter production, and delayed bloom date on the average of 5.5 days. Grain yield was reduced about 57% over all cultivars. Early maturing cultivars were not reduced in days to bloom as much as the late maturing types, and there was a significant cultivar x treatment interaction for both bloom date and grain yield. Later maturing cultivars outyielded the other cultivars at physiological maturity in both flooded and non‐flooded conditions. Concentrations of the major nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were decreased in foliage at the boot stage due to flooding. The only nutrient to fall below published “critical” levels in leaf tissue, however, was N, and plants growing in these conditions showed classical N deficiency symptoms. Iron and Mn concentrations were significantly higher in foliage at the boot stage with flooding, but not high enough to be considered toxic. Most differences observed at boot still existed at maturity, but of less magnitude. Marked variability existed in the response among cultivars to waterlogging. It would appear that flooding tolerant genotypes could be selected which would improve existing cultivar choices for use in these difficult soils.     

磷—金属(Fe、Al)—有机酸三元复合体在植物磷营养中的作用

本文论述了磷高效型植物活化土壤难溶磷时的磷—金属 (铁、铝 )—有机酸三元复合体机制 ,磷—金属 (铁、铝 )—有机酸三元复合体在植物磷、铁营养中的作用及研究意义 .土壤及植物根际中磷—金属 (铁、铝 )—有机酸三元复合体的研究进展及磷—金属 (铁、铝 )—有机酸三元复合体机制的应用前景