贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建

为精准鉴定贵州荞麦种质资源,采用SSR分子标记对60份荞麦种质进行遗传多样性分析,构建DNA分子身份证数据库。结果显示,从100对SSR引物中筛选出16对稳定性好、多态性丰富的引物,在60份供试种质中共扩增出174个多态性条带;Shannon’s信息指数、Nei’s多样性指数、多态信息指数均值分别为0.337、0.206、0.693,引物的多态性较好,能有效揭示60份荞麦种质的遗传多样性;在Dice遗传相似系数为0.374时,所有供试材料可聚为A、B、C 三组;当Dice遗传相似系数为0.484时,将苦荞组（A组）更细分为A1、A2两个小组。采用毛细管电泳及8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳对SSR标记扩增产物进行双验证,2种方法的聚类结果一致。结果表明,本研究开发的高效性SSR分子标记能够有效地鉴定贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性且用于构建分子身份证。     

Influence of the Structural Features of Carrageenans from Red Algae of the Far Eastern Seas on Their Antiviral Properties

The structural diversity and unique physicochemical properties of sulphated polysaccharides of red algae carrageenans (CRGs), to a great extent, determine the wide range of their antiviral properties. This work aimed to compare the antiviral activities of different structural types of CRGs: against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and enterovirus (ECHO-1). We found that CRGs significantly increased the resistance of Vero cells to virus infection (preventive effect), directly affected virus particles (virucidal effect), inhibited the attachment and penetration of virus to cells, and were more effective against HSV-1. CRG1 showed the highest virucidal effect on HSV-1 particles with a selective index (SI) of 100. CRG2 exhibited the highest antiviral activity by inhibiting HSV-1 and ECHO-1 plaque formation, with a SI of 110 and 59, respectively, when it was added before virus infection. CRG2 also significantly reduced the attachment of HSV-1 and ECHO-1 to cells compared to other CRGs. It was shown by molecular docking that tetrasaccharides—CRGs are able to bind with the HSV-1 surface glycoprotein, gD, to prevent virus–cell interactions. The revealed differences in the effect of CRGs on different stages of the lifecycle of the viruses are apparently related to the structural features of the investigated compounds.     

生物质棕榈油的材料化研究

将生物质棕榈油在一定条件下与偶氮二乙丁腈（AIBN）、活性单体甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）和甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）共同作用,转化为聚合物材料．对该聚合物材料的结构用红外光谱进行了表征,热行为用热重及差热分析进行了研究,结果表明,聚合物材料在180℃下稳定性良好．     

Antioxidant lignans sesamin and sesamolin in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A comprehensive review and future prospects

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) is a significantly lucrative cash crop for millions of small-holder farmers. Its seeds are an important source of a highly appreciated vegetable oil globally and two clinically essential antioxidant lignans, sesamin and sesamolin. Accordingly, many countries import millions of tons of sesame seed every year. The demand for lignan-rich sesame seeds has been increasing in recent years due to the continuous discovery of several pharmacological attributes of sesamin and se...     

Potential Anti-Obesity,Anti-Steatosis,and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Extracts from the Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis under Different Growth Conditions

Microalgae are known as a producer of proteins and lipids, but also of valuable compounds for human health benefits (e.g., polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs); minerals, vitamins, or other compounds). The overall objective of this research was to prospect novel products, such as nutraceuticals from microalgae, for application in human health, particularly for metabolic diseases. Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum amblystomatis were grown autotrophically, and C. vulgaris was additionally grown heterotrophically. Microalgae biomass was extracted using organic solvents (dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol with ultrasound-assisted extraction). Those extracts were evaluated for their bioactivities, toxicity, and metabolite profile. Some of the extracts reduced the neutral lipid content using the zebrafish larvae fat metabolism assay, reduced lipid accumulation in fatty-acid-overloaded HepG2 liver cells, or decreased the LPS-induced inflammation reaction in RAW264.7 macrophages. Toxicity was not observed in the MTT assay in vitro or by the appearance of lethality or malformations in zebrafish larvae in vivo. Differences in metabolite profiles of microalgae extracts obtained by UPLC-LC-MS/MS and GNPS analyses revealed unique compounds in the active extracts, whose majority did not have a match in mass spectrometry databases and could be potentially novel compounds. In conclusion, microalgae extracts demonstrated anti-obesity, anti-steatosis, and anti-inflammatory activities and could be valuable resources for developing future nutraceuticals. In particular, the ultrasound-assisted ethanolic extract of the heterotrophic C. vulgaris significantly enhanced the anti-obesity activity and demonstrated that the alteration of culture conditions is a valuable approach to increase the production of high-value compounds.     

扇贝加工废弃物蛋白酶解及其酶解产物分子量分布的研究

对用复合酶酶解扇贝加工废弃物制备水解蛋白的工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验方法确定了用两种复合酶酶解的最适水解条件。结果表明,用枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为50.3%,蛋白质水解度为95.5%。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶复合酶酶解的最佳酶解参数为:加酶量比为2∶1,温度为65℃,pH为7.0,时间为5 h,水解液氨基酸态氮含量为43.2%,蛋白质水解度为85.0%。用SephadexG-15葡聚糖凝胶柱层析法对水解产物的分析结果表明,两种混合酶的酶解产物为蛋白肽和游离氨基酸,其相对分子质量均集中分布在585和150左右。     

Linkage between a major gene for powdery mildew resistance and an RFLP marker on chromosome 1R of rye

DNA samples from an F₂ progeny which segregated for resistance to powdery mildew were bulked for resistant and susceptible individuals. In a segregant analysis, genomic rye probes which had been localized previously in a linkage map of rye were systematically screened for polymorphisms between these bulks. An RFLP marker located on linkage group 1RS was found to be tightly linked to a dominant mildew resistance gene. This is the first publication mapping a major gene for mildew resistance in rye.     

菜心重要农艺性状与SSR分子标记的关联分析

菜心是华南地区的主要蔬菜,利用分子标记辅助育种发掘出与重要农艺性状相关的分子,不仅可以加速优良品种的选育进程,还可以定向地优化目标性状,培育出高产优质的菜心品种.本研究选用148 份来自宁夏银川和广东南沙田间种植的菜心种质材料,采集株高、株质量、薹高、薹质量和薹粗5 个重要农艺性状的数据;利用SSR 标记对其进行基因分...     

利用广亲和基因S5-n的功能标记鉴定特殊配组类型杂交种纯度研究

“粳不育系/广亲和恢复系”配组方式在浙江省得到了越来越多的应用。广亲和基因S5-n的功能标记可快速检测种子纯度。为验证水稻广亲和基因S5-n功能标记鉴定粳不育系/广亲和恢复系配组方式杂种一代的效果,我们分别将长粳1A和6个恢复系获得的F₁代进行大田统计和分子标记鉴定,结果显示,由于广亲和基因S5-n分子标记不能特异性检测出串粉形成的异形株,导致其鉴定结果较大田统计鉴定结果高1.0~2.0百分点。未来还需要进一步优化广亲和基因分子标记技术的特异性,进而提高分子检测的准确性,这将有助于杂交稻的安全生产。     

侵染广东连州葫芦的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的分子特征 及致病性分析

【目的】黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus,CGMMV)是侵染瓜类作物的主要病毒之一,对瓜类产业造成巨大的危害。本研究旨在探明侵染广东省连州市葫芦的CGMMV分离物(CGMMV-GDLZ)分子特征及其在系统进化中的地位,并测定其对黄瓜、葫芦和西瓜的致病性,为CGMMV的防控提供理论依据。【方法】从广东省连州市葫芦种植基地采集2个疑似CGMMV侵染的病样以及1个无症状样品,提取总RNA,根据CGMMV参考序列（GenBank登录号：KX883801）设计引物进行RT-PCR检测,引物序列为F：CCACGAGTTGTTTCCTAATGCTG/R：TTTGCTAGGCGTGATCGGATTGT,退火温度53℃,扩增长度890 bp。将CGMMV全长序列分为前后两段,前半段1—3 511 nt,扩增引物序列为F：AAGTTCATTTCATTTGGAGAGGGTTTTAATTTTTATAA TTAAACAAA/R：AGTTCTGCATTAATTGCTATTTGGTAGGCACAGTGGTAG;后半段3 301—6 423 nt,扩增引物序列为F：GTGCGTGCTACCCCGACTCCAATAGGTTTGATTGCCCGTG/R：GGTGGAGATGCCATGCCGACCCTGGGCCCCTACCCGGGGAAAGG。将前后两段PCR产物通过同源重组的方法克隆到pCB301双元载体上,测序得到CGMMV-GDLZ分离物全长序列。利用CGMMV-GDLZ分离物全长序列在NCBI中进行Blast分析,然后通过MEGA7软件对CGMMV-GDLZ以及其他已经报道的CGMMV分离物进行系统进化树分析。将构建好的pCB301-CGMMV侵染性克隆注射接种本生烟验证其侵染性,然后再注射接种黄瓜、葫芦和西瓜的子叶,测定CGMMV-GDLZ分离物的致病性。【结果】RT-PCR结果证实,广东省连州市葫芦病样感染了CGMMV。CGMMV-GDLZ分离物全长序列为6 423 nt,编码4个蛋白,分别为129K复制酶（61—3 495 nt）、186K复制相关蛋白（61—5 007 nt）、运动蛋白MP（4 994—5 788 nt）和外壳蛋白CP（5 763—6 248 nt）。CGMMV-GDLZ核苷酸序列与CGMMV-eWT分离物（GenBank登录号：KY753928）同源性最高,为99.97%。系统进化树分析结果显示,CGMMV-GDLZ分离物与日本、韩国等东亚CGMMV分离物同属Group 1,在遗传距离上与山东、浙江和河南的CGMMV分离物最接近。pCB301-CGMMV侵染性克隆可以系统侵染本生烟,造成本生烟上部叶片出现皱缩、斑驳、凸起等症状,RT-PCR和Western blot进一步确认了侵染性克隆的侵染性。注射接种CGMMV-GDLZ分离物后15 dpi,葫芦和西瓜即可产生斑驳、花叶、突起、生长迟缓等症状,24 dpi时症状更明显。而15 dpi时,CGMMV-GDLZ分离物在黄瓜上的症状不明显,与未接种对照植株几乎没有区别;将植株从控温接种室移入网室中,30 dpi时,黄瓜植株上部叶片开始出现斑驳和花叶,40 dpi时,症状已经非常明显。RT-PCR和Western blot检测进一步确认了上述结果。【结论】侵染广东省连州市葫芦的CGMMV-GDLZ分离物与山东、浙江和河南的CGMMV分离物很可能具有相同的传染源;CGMMV-GDLZ分离物可以侵染本生烟、黄瓜、葫芦和西瓜等作物,但对这些作物的致病性存在差异。