新西兰鹿的福利及实施措施

新西兰鹿业协会为加大鹿及鹿产品在国际市场上的竞争力,积极实施鹿福利制度。文中主要介绍了新西兰在鹿的运输、锯茸及饲养管理等方面所实施的具体福利措施。     

青虾的虾苗培育及其稻田养殖技术

报道了青虾的虾苗培育和捕捞技术及青虾稻田养殖的具体技术和应注意的问题。     

四川省秸秆和畜禽粪便县域分布特征和资源化利用潜力

为明晰四川省近年秸秆和畜禽粪便分布格局和特征,基于2018年四川省县域尺度主要粮油作物产量和畜禽出栏量,通过空间分析明确四川主要粮油作物秸秆(水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜)和畜禽粪便(牛、羊、猪、家禽)资源分布状况及聚集区,探讨各县秸秆和畜禽粪便循环利用潜力和途径。结果表明：四川省2018年秸秆可收集总量为2 808.55万t,呈现“一个中心,东密西疏”的分布规律,秸秆种类以玉米和水稻秸秆为主;畜禽粪便总量为8 162.02万t,呈现“三个中心,外密内疏”的分布规律,猪粪占绝对优势,占比高达57.8%。2018年四川省秸秆肥料化理论上可节约当年全省7.4%氮肥和5.0%磷肥投入,可全量替代当年全省钾肥用量,秸秆能源化可替代1 422.71万t标准煤或6.22×10⁹m³沼气。2018年四川省畜禽粪便全部肥料化可节约当年全省42.6%氮肥投入,可全量替代当年全省磷肥和钾肥用量,畜禽粪便能源化利用可折算成835.19万t标准煤或4.15×10⁹m³沼气。99%、95%和90%置信区间秸秆热点县分别有30、40...     

菜心重要农艺性状与SSR分子标记的关联分析

菜心是华南地区的主要蔬菜,利用分子标记辅助育种发掘出与重要农艺性状相关的分子,不仅可以加速优良品种的选育进程,还可以定向地优化目标性状,培育出高产优质的菜心品种.本研究选用148 份来自宁夏银川和广东南沙田间种植的菜心种质材料,采集株高、株质量、薹高、薹质量和薹粗5 个重要农艺性状的数据;利用SSR 标记对其进行基因分...     

低镉水稻研究进展

稻米镉污染已成为全球粮食安全的一个重大问题.系统了解水稻体内镉响应基因调控机制及镉代谢的影响因素有助于推动低镉优质水稻新品种的培育.本文重点阐述了镉进入根细胞、镉从根转移至茎、从茎转移至籽粒的三种机制及主要影响因素,同时对目前已知的水稻镉代谢调控相关基因进行了综述,以期为利用分子育种技术选育低镉积累水稻品种提供参考.     

刺嫩芽有性繁殖试验初报

刺嫩芽是近几年来市场上倍受人们青睐的1种森林蔬菜。在刺嫩芽野转家栽培过程中,由于种子自然萌发能力较弱,苗木供应不足,阻碍了其野转家栽培的进程。湖北省林业科学研究院鹤峰森林药材研究所经过2 a时间的研究,其结果表明:经过用醋处理了的刺嫩芽种子出苗量最多,为35株/m2,而未处理的仅为5株/m2。这一研究成果保证了刺嫩芽野转家栽培的苗木来源。     

Semi-Synthesis,Cytotoxic Evaluation,and Structure—Activity Relationships of Brefeldin A Derivatives with Antileukemia Activity

Brefeldin A (1), a potent cytotoxic natural macrolactone, was produced by the marine fungus Penicillium sp. (HS-N-29) from the medicinal mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius. Series of its ester derivatives 2–16 were designed and semi-synthesized, and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their cytotoxic activities were evaluated against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell line in vitro, and the preliminary structure–activity relationships revealed that the hydroxy group played an important role. Moreover, the monoester derivatives exhibited stronger cytotoxic activity than the diester derivatives. Among them, brefeldin A 7-O-2-chloro-4,5-difluorobenzoate (7) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the proliferation of K562 cells with an IC₅₀ value of 0.84 µM. Further evaluations indicated that 7 induced cell cycle arrest, stimulated cell apoptosis, inhibited phosphorylation of BCR-ABL, and thereby inactivated its downstream AKT signaling pathway. The expression of downstream signaling molecules in the AKT pathway, including mTOR and p70S6K, was also attenuated after 7-treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling of 7 docked into 1 binding site of an ARF1–GDP-GEF complex represented well-tolerance. Taken together, 7 had the potential to be served as an effective antileukemia agent or lead compound for further exploration.     

楠木枝枯病病原菌鉴定

<正>楠木为我国传统名贵树种,其木质紧密、耐腐蚀性强,能够驱虫美化环境,是建筑、家具、雕刻的首选木料;同时具有净化空气、吸烟滞尘、涵养水源、固土防沙等功能,有着巨大的经济及生态价值。楠木主要包括润楠属(Machilus Nees)以及楠属(Phoebe Nees)植株,均属于濒危树种,在我国境内     

韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白基因的克隆及光强度对其表达量影响

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊Bradysia odoriphaga紫外敏感视蛋白基因Bo-uv的作用及其与趋光性的关系,利用常规PCR方法克隆获得Bo-uv基因的全长cDNA序列,分析了其敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白氨基酸序列之间的系统进化关系,运用qPCR技术检测了不同发育阶段、不同组织及不同光强度下Bo-uv基因的相对表达量。结果表明,Bo-uv基因cDNA全长2 757 bp,开放阅读框1 542 bp,编码514个氨基酸。韭菜迟眼蕈蚊紫外敏感视蛋白的氨基酸序列与其它12种昆虫同源蛋白的氨基酸序列一致性为21.93%～43.00%,与橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的氨基酸序列同源性最高。Bo-uv基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊蛹末期、成虫期表达,在成虫头部的相对表达量较高。在0～10 000 lx光强范围内雌、雄成虫体内该基因的相对表达量均呈先增高后降低趋势。与对照相比,1 000 lx光强度下其相对表达量显著升高,10 000 lx时相对表达量显著降低。表明光强度能够有效地调控Bo-uv基因的表达,该基因在韭菜迟眼蕈蚊感知外界光刺激过程中具有重要作用。     

Maize defence mechanisms against the European corn borer,Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Maize is arguably the most widely grown crop in the world, but it is often associated with one of its major insect pests, the European corn borer (ECB). The damage caused by this species to maize production is generally variable, but in many cases it is economically significant. This review paper provides an overview of the research findings on the natural plant defence mechanisms against ECB larvae published till now. What is resistance and how it is achieved, what is the chemical response of maize plants to insect feeding and how tolerance can be increased. A short introduction in breeding for resistance and a discussion if the mentioned traits can be used in conventional breeding in order to create maize hybrids less affected by ECB are given.