Genome-edited crops: how to move them from laboratory to market

Recent breakthroughs in CRISPR technology allow specific genome manipulation of almost all crops and have initiated a revolution in precision crop breeding. Rationally-based regulation and widespread public acceptance are needed to propel genome-edited crops from laboratory to market and to translate this innovative technology into agricultural productivity.     

储粮害虫磷化氢抗性分子遗传学研究进展

由于长期单一使用磷化氢,储粮害虫对其产生的抗药性日益增强,已成为威胁粮食安全储藏的重大问题。自从发现两个磷化氢抗性基因rph1和rph2,以及完成赤拟谷盗全基因测序以来,储粮害虫磷化氢抗性基因的相关研究迅速发展。近年来,在抗性基因的鉴定、表达、进化、突变等研究方面取得了一定成果,为储粮害虫磷化氢抗性治理提供了新的科学指导。本文就储粮害虫磷化氢抗性分子遗传学的研究进展进行综述。     

Over 40% of 450 registered wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum) worldwide are composed of multiple biotypes

Many of 450 common wheat cultivars bred and registered during the twentieth century in 12 countries were proved, due to seed-by-seed analysis, to be composed of two or more biotypes differing in their alleles at the gliadin (Gli) loci. These multiple biotypes may be regarded as authentic progeny of the respective parent lines, as evidenced by the gliadin composition of the respective parents. Therefore, the official claim for each cultivar to be uniform is commonly not maintained in practice. The most frequent was a non-uniform cultivar composed of two biotypes differing at one Gli locus, but there were cultivars represented by a large set of related genotypes differing at several Gli loci. The proportion of the multi-biotype cultivars was never less than 15% for a country collection, exceeding 50% in other countries. This proportion differed significantly between neighbouring countries. In Australia, all multi-biotype cultivars were found in eastern states; in the state of Victoria, their frequency was statistically higher than in the rest of the country. The proportion of multi-biotype cultivars among newly-released cultivars decreased with time in Australia and the UK. Thus, the non-uniformity of registered cultivars represents a general and important phenomenon of common wheat as a crop.     

香蕉枯萎病菌分子检测研究进展

香蕉枯萎病是全世界香蕉产业共同面临的毁灭性病害,但目前生产上仍缺乏适宜的抗病品种和有效的治疗措施。因此,借助快速准确的枯萎病菌检测技术及时明确病原菌以控制该病的传播和蔓延显得尤为重要。本文回顾了近年来国内外香蕉枯萎病菌分子检测技术的发展历程,归纳和总结了DNA指纹图谱、普通PCR、多重PCR、荧光定量PCR及等温扩增技术在该病菌检测中的研究进展,分析了不同检测技术的优缺点,并指出可能存在的问题和研究发展方向,为该病的分子检测技术优化和防控策略制定提供参考。     

Lactation-related mammary gland pathologies—A neglected emergency in the bitch

Mastitis is a common reproductive disorder in bitches, reaching a prevalence of 0.71%. Mastitis has a wide range of forms, from asymptomatic to severe gangrenous mastitis that can lead to septic shock and death of the bitch and nurslings. However, most of the time it is overlooked, undiagnosed or mistreated. The present systematic review was performed to revise and summarize the existing knowledge related to this disorder, including diagnosis, treatment and prevention.     

Phenotypic and allelic variation for wort protein Z in Australian and Canadian barleys

Protein Z is a major component in beer foam. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze wort proteins of two Australian (Buloke and Commander) and two Canadian (CDC Meredith and Bentley) varieties. The Canadian barley contained more abundant proteins from MW 40–45 kDa (pI 5 to 7). These proteins were identified as either protein Z4 or protein Z7 using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Full-length gene of protein Z4 and Z7 were sequenced from Canadian and Australian barleys. Sequence differences were identified in the coding region and upstream regions of the two genes, resulting in protein sequence and expression variations. Molecular markers were designed according to the indels in the upstream regions of protein Z4 and Z7 genes. These markers were highly correlated to wort protein Z content in Canadian and Australian varieties. The Canadian barleys contained ‘high level’ genotypes for protein Z4 and Z7 while most Australian barleys had ‘low level’ genotypes for protein Z4, Z7 or both. The markers identified in this study provide a valuable tool for the selection of protein Z alleles in marker-assisted breeding. Total protein Z content was assessed using different steeping conditions, and increasing air-rest time increased protein Z content in 15 varieties.     

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’

小菊新品种‘东篱小太阳’是以‘东篱娇粉’为母本，A42为父本进行杂交，经5年选择培育而成。株形较大，自然成球，自然开花期集中在9月中下旬到10月中下旬，半重瓣，舌状花为鲜亮的红色，可满足北京地区国庆用花的需求。     

豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式现状

从粮食作物、经济作物及饲草的种植,饲草料的加工调制与利用,全舍饲肉羊的养殖及杂交繁育,以及羊粪尿的资源化利用等方面介绍了豫北山区“粮—草—羊”高效平衡养羊模式发展现状,以期为促进豫北山区资源可持续利用、山区生态环境良性循环和社会经济可持续发展提供思路。