大力发展草产业 稳步推进海北高原现代生态畜牧业建设

草产业是发展生态畜牧业的灵魂和核心,草畜平衡是畜牧业结构调整和生态保护可持续发展的关键。多年来,海北州认真贯彻落实科学发展观,在发展草产业方面进行了大胆而有益的探索和尝试。     

Breeding Oilseed Crops for Improved Oil Quality

Abstract

Vegetable oils are one of the most valuable commodities in world trade. They are subject to specific quality requirements, both for food and non-food uses, there being a continuous demand for new oil types. Thus, plant breeders have made great efforts over the past four decades to develop those quality features demanded by the industry, mainly related to the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. Initially, breeders had to focus on the natural variation occurring within each oilseed crop and closely related species. From the 1970s onwards, the induction of mutations by treatment of seeds with mutagenizing agents was revealed as an effective system for modifying the fatty acid profile. In fact, mutagenesis has proved to be one of the most successful approaches for creating novel oil types. Nowadays, breeding for improved seed oil quality is in a transitional stage, both from a conceptual and a methodological point of view. First, the concept of oil quality is changing. It is not only defined by its fatty acid composition but also by other parameters, the most important being the triacylglycerol profile and the tocopherol content and composition. Second, molecular techniques for gene identification and manipulation are opening up new possibilities, much more powerful and less random than the traditional ones, for the modification of quality traits. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of seed oil quality as well as its genetic improvement by traditional and biotechnological means.     

伦理视域下剖析现代生物技术的发展

文中简要归纳了现代生物技术的应用情况,着重分析了现代生物技术发展带来的主要伦理问题,并提出了发展现代生物技术应遵循的4个基本伦理原则。     

绿色防治储粮害虫的技术措施

根据粮食储藏绿色、环保、安全的要求,探讨在不使用化学药剂的前提下,防治储粮害虫的物理、生物技术,以及技术的作用机理、适用范围、研究应用情况和发展趋势,以期为绿色防治储粮害虫提供技术参考。     

农产品挥发性风味品质研究现状与展望

随着经济社会的发展和物质生活水平的提高,人们的饮食观念已从“吃得饱”向“吃得好”转变,消费者比以往更加关注农产品品质。在影响农产品品质的众多因素中,挥发性风味品质是农产品内在品质的重要评价指标之一,也是决定农产品可接受性和产品价值的首要条件。因此,围绕农产品风味品质开展其物质基础、形成机理、鉴定评价新技术开发与应用等相关研究意义重大。本文通过梳理近年来国内、外农产品风味品质的研究现状和发展趋势,重点介绍特征风味鉴定研究的新方法和新技术,概述基于分子感官组学的特征风味解析与鉴定,风味品质的生物调控技术研究,风味特征识别技术在农产品等级区分与真伪鉴别中的应用,智能嗅觉检测技术与风味评价,基质-风味及风味组分间相互作用机理等方面的最新研究进展,总结了我国现有风味研究存在的问题和不足,同时对新形势下农产品风味品质研究的发展趋势和研究重点进行了展望,以期为今后相关领域人员开展农产品风味品质研究与评价,推动优质特色风味农产品挖掘、培育、高值化开发利用和消费升级提供思路与参考。     

Advances and Perspectives in Research of Volatile Flavor Quality of Agricultural Products

As the development of modern economics and the improvement of the living standard, the consumer demands on food have been turned from quantity to quality. Among many quality factors, volatile flavor quality is one of the most important evaluation indicators of inherent quality of agricultural products, directly determining their acceptability and commercial value. It is of great significance to conduct researches on volatile flavor quality, aiming to develop agricultural products with the high flavor quality. Herein, the current status and development trends of domestic and foreign researches on volatile flavor quality of agricultural products were detailed in this review; the new approaches and techniques used for flavor characteristic identification were expounded emphatically; the latest research progresses in characteristic flavor analysis, biological control techniques for improving flavor quality of agricultural products, application of flavor characteristic analysis in grade classification, production area discrimination, and authentic identification, utilization of intelligent odor detection techniques in flavor quality evaluation, as well as interactions between flavor compounds and matrices, were summarized. Finally, problems in current researches in volatile flavor quality in our country were discussed, and the future trends and focuses in research of volatile flavor quality were prospected. This review would provide guidance and give ideas for future studies on volatile flavor quality evaluation as well as development, utilization and consumption upgrading of high value-added agricultural products.     

Review: Resistance as a concomitant of modern crop protection

This paper reviews the impact of resistance to fungicides and insecticides/acaricides on the way crop protection is practised. It is now clear that resistance can develop to virtually any crop-protection product, in any pest, fungal pathogen or even weed. As a limiting factor in crop protection, it is a fact of life. A positive side-effect is the precision with which products are used today, with increasing implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programmes. This is a vital step towards sustainability. This paper describes: past experiences; current status of resistance; how resistance management influences current crop protection practices; regulatory aspects; and the outlook for the future. It concludes that EU regulations on resistance management must be simple and workable. Chemicals will continue to have a central role in optimising yields from the world's crops, as new tools, including biotechnology, become available for crop protection and resistance management. The crop-protection industry's innovations and product stewardship programmes will contribute to sustainable agriculture. This will provide continued benefits to users, the environment and society. ©1997 SCI     

迎接生物经济浪潮与热带农业科技创新

21世纪上半叶,一场由生物技术推动的科技革命和产业革命,将在全球爆发,其影响将是人类历史上任何一次产业革命都不可比拟的。各国都开始纷纷抢占这一战略高地。生物经济时代距离我们已不再遥远。生物技术产业具有资源、技术依赖性强、市场垄断性差等特点,为发展中国家特别是资源丰富、技术基础相对落后的国家．带来跨越式发展的历史性机遇。热带农业发展与生物技术进步密切相关,应用现代生物技术提升热带农业是迎接生物经济浪潮的必然要求。     

现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的应用

现代生物技术攻克了过去在甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)育种中无法解决的难题。诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术已在甘薯选育、品质改良、增强抗病虫性等方面上发挥了非常重要的作用。综述了诱变育种、细胞工程、分子标记和基因工程等现代生物技术在甘薯育种中的研究与利用概况。     

纳米材料对林木生长发育影响及其在林木生物学上的应用

纳米材料已广泛应用于电子学、化学、医学材料、信息、环境、能源和安全等领域, 但在林业上的应用和研究才刚刚起步。文中主要综述纳米材料对林木生长发育的影响及其在林木生物技术上的应用(主要集中在纳米量子点荧光探针标记以及用纳米材料作为载体介导外源基因进行遗传转化等方面), 以及纳米技术在林木生物制药方面的开发应用, 对其发展前景进行了展望。