生物技术在水稻超高产育种中的应用

水稻是我国主要粮食作物,对确保国家粮食安全起到举足轻重的作用。水稻单产潜力在经历了矮化育种和杂交水稻两次重大突破后,出现长期踌躇不前。水稻育种学家正在积极探索利用新种质、新技术,提高水稻单位面积的产量。水稻基因组测序计划的实施和完成,水稻高密度分子标记连锁图谱和各种近等基因系群体的构建,重要农艺性状的QTL不断被精细定位,越来越多的重要发送的基因被克隆及功能分析,转基因技术的广泛应用,功能基因组学迅速地发展,这些为研究复杂农艺性状的分子机理提供机遇,也为生物技术、分子标记辅助选择育种技术广泛应用于水稻品种改良,实现水稻高产、优质、广适应性综合性状改良取得重大突破提供了新契机。     

利用原生质体融合技术选育微生物菌种

对原生质体融合技术的遗传标记筛选、原生质体的制备与再生、原生质体融合等的方法 ,以及原生质体融合技术在提高抗生素生产效价、酵母菌工程菌株的构建、多功能菌株的选育以及污水处理工程菌的构建等方面的研究情况进行了综述。就原生质体融合技术在微生物育种技术上的应用前景进行了分析。     

生物质材料生物技术研究进展及展望

介绍国内外采用酶活化木材纤维生产无甲醛释放人造板的技术及生物技术在生物质材料生物防治、生物制浆和防腐废弃木材的净化等方面的研究进展,并阐述了我国今后的研发方向.     

构建鲤现代种业的核心技术

对于任何一个农业物种而言,现代种业核心技术包括3个方而：收集与创制最优良的种质资源、建立先进实用的育种技术、方便的可最大化利用上述资源的数据库及网站。针对鲤这个水产养殖种,黑龙江水产研究所及合作单位经过30多年的研究积累和创制了抗寒能力强、生长速度快、肉质好的三大系列种质,在此基础七已经培育出6个水产新品种;构建了基于亲本遗传距离的分子育种技术,并在常规育种技术的使用过程中增加了统计分析和染色体操作技术,如BLUP技术、雌核发育技术等,将现代育种技术充分地运用于鲤的品种培育之中;同时建瓿了涵盖表型、生物学特征、一般遗传参数的鲤种质数据库和涵盖基因、标记及经济性状QTLs的鲤基因组数据库,使鲤具备了现代种业需要的生物学、遗传学、基因组学的完整数据库。综上所述,初步构建了鲤现代种业的核心技术。     

高校体育教师参与体育课程改革的影响因素——浅谈高校体育教师对现代教育技术的合理运用

通过对体育课程改革中基本理念的概述,阐释了高校体育教师参与体育课程改革的必要性,研究了体育教师参与课程改革的影响因素,旨在探讨、发现利用现代教育技术服务于高校体育工作的方法,深化体育教学改革。     

红汁乳菇菌丝液体发酵条件的优化

采用正交表L18(37)研究红汁乳菇液体培养时影响菌丝产量的主要营养因子,从中筛选出对红汁乳菇菌丝生长影响显著的氮源品种;采用L27(313)正交实验研究了综合因子对菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:牛肉膏、KT、转速、培养时间、三角瓶大小这些因素对红汁乳菇菌丝的生长具有非常显著的影响,糊精、蔗糖 甘露醇对红汁乳菇菌丝的生长也具有显著的影响;根据因子平均生物量的水平比较和交互作用方差分析结果,选择糊精含量为2.5%、牛肉膏含量为2%、蔗糖 故露醇为3%、MgSO4为0.01%、KT为1%、烟酸 核黄素为(0.5% 0.1%),在转速为130 r/min的情况下,培养25 d,红汁乳菇菌丝产量可达449.7 mg/100 mL.     

林木生物工程的研究现状与展望

生物工程主要有基因工程、细胞工程、酶工程和发酵工程。近２０年间，植物生物工程的研究取得了很大的进展。利用基因重组技术已实现了多种树木的转化；细胞和组织培养、原生质体培养等技术的完善为树木的试管繁殖、种质保存等提供了保证。酶工程和发酵工程技术也为林业的发展开辟了新的途径。     

Reproductive Biotechnology: Prospects and Applications in the Herd Management of Sows*

Biotechnological procedures are valuable tools for an efficient reproductive management in a commercial pig production. Artificial insemination, puberty induction, estrus synchronization, early pregnancy diagnosis and induction of parturition are routinely used since years already and have significant impact for the herd management of sows. Embryo transfer (ET) can also be efficiently applied. But surgical procedures are required for the recovery and transfer of embryos. ET related biotechniques such as cryopreservation of ova and embryos, in vitro production of embryos, cloning and gene transfer are still at an experimental stage but will most likely gain significance shortly.     

大力发展草产业 稳步推进海北高原现代生态畜牧业建设

草产业是发展生态畜牧业的灵魂和核心,草畜平衡是畜牧业结构调整和生态保护可持续发展的关键。多年来,海北州认真贯彻落实科学发展观,在发展草产业方面进行了大胆而有益的探索和尝试。     

Breeding Oilseed Crops for Improved Oil Quality

Abstract

Vegetable oils are one of the most valuable commodities in world trade. They are subject to specific quality requirements, both for food and non-food uses, there being a continuous demand for new oil types. Thus, plant breeders have made great efforts over the past four decades to develop those quality features demanded by the industry, mainly related to the fatty acid composition of the seed oil. Initially, breeders had to focus on the natural variation occurring within each oilseed crop and closely related species. From the 1970s onwards, the induction of mutations by treatment of seeds with mutagenizing agents was revealed as an effective system for modifying the fatty acid profile. In fact, mutagenesis has proved to be one of the most successful approaches for creating novel oil types. Nowadays, breeding for improved seed oil quality is in a transitional stage, both from a conceptual and a methodological point of view. First, the concept of oil quality is changing. It is not only defined by its fatty acid composition but also by other parameters, the most important being the triacylglycerol profile and the tocopherol content and composition. Second, molecular techniques for gene identification and manipulation are opening up new possibilities, much more powerful and less random than the traditional ones, for the modification of quality traits. In this review, we aim to offer an overview of seed oil quality as well as its genetic improvement by traditional and biotechnological means.