山西省三种饲草作物种植模式的效益分析

为分析山西省玉米（Zea may）连作（CC）、玉米+苜蓿（Medicago sativa）+燕麦（Avena sativa）轮作（C-A-O）和玉米+小黑麦（Secale sylvestre）轮作（C-T）3种种植模式的经济效益和营养品质,在山西省不同地区进行了实地调研,对轮作过程进行全程监测并分析农作物的营养品质。结果表明,C-T一年平均经济效益最高,CC次之,C-A-O最低。但在3种不同种植模式下C-A-O的营养品质显著高于其余2种种植模式（P<0.01）,CC连作最低。综合来看,C-A-O综合效益较高,C-T综合效益次之,CC综合效益最低。     

Induction of cell proliferation in the rat liver by the short-term administration of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether

In the present study, in continuation of our previous experiment in order to investigate the mode of action (MOA) of ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) hepatotumorigenicity in rats, we aimed to examine alterations in cell proliferation, that are induced by short-term administration of ETBE. F344 rats were administered ETBE at doses of 0, and 1,000 mg/kg body weight twice a day by gavage for 3, 10, 17 and 28 days. It was found that the previously observed significant increase of P450 total content and hydroxyl radical levels after 7 days of ETBE administration, and 8-OHdG formation at day 14, accompanied by accumulation of CYP2B1/2B2, CYP3A1/3A2, CYP2C6, CYP2E1 and CYP1A1 and downregulation of DNA oxoguanine glycosylase 1, was preceded by induction of cell proliferation at day 3. Furthermore, we observed an increase in regenerative cell proliferation as a result of ETBE treatment at day 28, followed by induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by day 14. These results indicated that short-term administration of ETBE led to a significant early increase in cell proliferation activity associated with induction of oxidative stress, and to a regenerative cell proliferation as an adaptive response, which could contribute to the hepatotumorigenicity of ETBE in rats.     

基于翻转课堂模式的园林史教学改革探索

FC模式即"翻转课堂",也称为"颠倒课堂",是利用信息技术"翻转"知识传授和知识内化2个学习过程的全新教学模式。园林史是风景园林专业的重要专业基础课程,笔者经过历年园林史课程教学实践经验的积累,结合地区实际,探索了基于翻转课堂理念的园林史教学模式改革的实施途经,以期合理地解决好传统园林史教学革新中的相关问题。通过改进多媒体教学方式,高效利用课堂时间,充分发挥学生的学习主动性,进而提高教学效果和学生的学习兴趣,为园林史教学改革提供参考。     

An in vitro biomechanical comparison of the breaking strength and stiffness of polydioxanone (sizes 2, 7) and polyglactin 910 (sizes 3, 6) in the equine linea alba

OBJECTIVE: To determine failure strength, stiffness, and failure mode of 4 suture materials in equine linea alba. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized complete block design. SAMPLE POPULATION: Linea albas collected from 12 adult horses (mean weight, 475 kg; mean age, 10 years). METHODS: The ventral abdominal fascia, including the linea alba, was collected and bisected along the linea alba into right and left halves. Each half was divided into four, 5-cm sections extending from the umbilicus cranially, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 suture materials: 2 polydioxanone (2 PD), 3 polyglactin 910 (3 PG), 6 polyglactin 910 (6 PG), and 7 polydioxanone (7 PD). A single cycle to failure test was performed on each specimen at a distraction rate of 100 mm/min. Differences in failure strength and stiffness for the materials were evaluated using a mixed linear model with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: In 94 of 96 test sections, constructs failed by suture failure. There were significant differences in failure strength (P<.0001) and stiffness (P<.001) among the suture/tissue constructs. 7 PD had the highest breaking strength (316.8 N) followed by 6 PG (281.3 N), 3 PG (229.9 N), and 2 PD (193.0 N). Six PG had the largest stiffness (14 N/mm) followed by 3 PG (12.7 N/mm), 7 PD (10.1 N/mm), and 2 PD (7.2 N/mm). Suture breaking strength and stiffness were not affected by linea or fascia thickness, individual horse, half of the linea alba, or abdominal wall position. Eighty-five (90.4%) suture loops failed adjacent the knot. CONCLUSIONS: When tested in single cycle to failure, suture material was more likely to fail than the linea alba. Larger suture materials had higher breaking strengths than smaller suture materials and stiffness was also affected by suture material and size. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Given its high initial breaking strength and its relatively longer in vivo strength retention, 7 PD seems an appropriate choice of suture material for closure of the equine linea alba when maximal short-term failure strength is desired.     

围封、放牧、刈割对内蒙古典型草原土壤线虫群落的影响

为探讨围封、放牧、刈割对典型草原土壤线虫的影响,本文基于高通量测序确定土壤线虫群落组成,分析不同利用方式下土壤线虫群落差异及其表征的生态学意义。研究结果表明：围封、放牧、刈割处理下的线虫群落结构未呈现显著性差异,但在不同草地利用方式的影响下,土壤线虫在优势营养类群、生态学指数层面表现为有差异性的响应结果;与围封处理相比,放牧和刈割对草地生态系统产生一定干扰作用,这使得土壤线虫连通性和捕食关系有所减弱;刈割使温带典型草原土壤线虫群落的Shannon指数和均匀度指数显著降低,但有利于土壤养分富集。研究结果丰富了草地土壤线虫多样性和群落演变的研究内容,证实土壤线虫所指示的草地生态系统状况随着利用方式的改变而发生变化,为温带典型草原的草地恢复、可持续发展等不同阶段制定科学的草地利用方式提供参考。     

EVALUATION OF DIAPHRAGMATIC MOTION IN NORMAL AND DIAPHRAGMATIC PARALYZED DOGS USING M‐MODE ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in dogs is currently based on fluoroscopic detection of unequal movement between the crura. Bilateral paralysis may be more difficult to confirm with fluoroscopy because diaphragmatic movement is sometimes produced by compensatory abdominal muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate diaphragmatic movement using M‐mode ultrasonography and to describe findings for normal and diaphragmatic paralyzed dogs. Fifty‐five clinically normal dogs and two dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis were recruited. Thoracic radiographs were acquired for all dogs and fluoroscopy studies were also acquired for clinically affected dogs. Two observers independently measured diaphragmatic direction of motion and amplitude of excursion using M‐mode ultrasonography for dogs meeting study inclusion criteria. Eight of the clinically normal dogs were excluded due to abnormal thoracic radiographic findings. For the remaining normal dogs, the lower limit values of diaphragmatic excursion were 2.85–2.98 mm during normal breathing. One dog with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis showed paradoxical movement of both crura at the end of inspiration. One dog with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis had diaphragmatic excursion values of 2.00 ± 0.42 mm on the left side and 4.05 ± 1.48 mm on the right side. The difference between left and right diaphragmatic excursion values was 55%. Findings indicated that M‐mode ultrasonography is a relatively simple and objective method for measuring diaphragmatic movement in dogs. Future studies are needed in a larger number of dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of this promising new technique.     

《兽医临床诊断学》教学改革效果分析

对近3年<兽医临床诊断学>教学改革的效果进行了分析,具体包括教学方法改革效果、实践教学改革效果、考核方式改革效果以及其他方面的改革效果,旨在为兽医临床诊断学及其他课程教学提供有益参考.     

基于CDIO的应用型本科实践教学模式改革与应用——以家畜环境卫生学课程为例

针对应用型本科实践教学中存在的教学内容与人才培养目标匹配度不高、专业特点反映不足、教学手段单一、考核方式重结果轻过程等问题,以家畜环境卫生学为例,引进CDIO教育理念,面向现代畜牧业生产实际,满足应用型本科动物科学专业要求,充实和改革课程实践教学内容,构建学生全程参与实验教学模式,完善基于实验构思、设计、运作及目标实现的全方位、全过程评价体系与考核方法,为培养畜牧生产类应用型人才打好基础,同时也为其他课程建设及同类高校课程实践教学模式改革建设提供借鉴。     

喀什地区安格斯牛“公司+农户”饲养模式效果分析

本文目的是研究安格斯牛“公司+农户”养殖模式效果,作者通过数据对比的方法对64户养殖农户和3个安格斯牛养殖场开展实地调查,对饲草料组成、产犊间隔、养殖成本及养殖效益进行分析对比。结果表明,喀什某公司采取公司+农户的饲养模式对养殖农户调整饲草料结构、缩短产犊间隔、增加养殖效益有显著的作用。得出“公司+农户”养殖模式下,公司需对养殖农户在各饲养阶段开展技术培训才能保障最大的养殖效益的结论。     

Vascular ultrasonographic findings in canine patients with clinically diagnosed phlebitis

Peripheral vein phlebitis (inflammation) is a relatively frequent complication in dogs, however, published information on the ultrasonographic characteristics is currently lacking. This prospective, observational study describes the ultrasound (US) characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins, and veins with clinical phlebitis. Correlations among US findings and between US findings versus time that the intravenous catheter was in place were investigated. Safety of the US procedure was evaluated. Fifty patients were prospectively recruited for the study and 18 met the final inclusion criteria. Each patient underwent daily US examinations and was assessed for multiple criteria (vascular wall appearance, compressibility, spontaneity of flow, color fill, and presence/absence of filling defects, flow contour, direction, non‐pulsatility). Characteristics of normal canine cephalic veins were as follows: smooth and thin wall, complete compressibility, no flow disturbances, no filling defects, smooth flow contours, and unidirectional, non‐pulsatile flow with no turbulence. Characteristics of cephalic veins with clinical phlebitis were as follows: wall thickening (83%), decreased compressibility (55%), filling defects consistent with intraluminal thrombus (55%), vessel wall hyperechogenicity (44%), and abnormal color Doppler flow (39%). Significant correlations were found between Doppler filling defects and compressibility, Doppler filling defects and presumed thrombosis, and compressibility and presumed thrombosis (P = .001, P = .001, P = .000, respectively). No correlation was found between the US findings and time the intravenous catheter was in place. Findings indicated that duplex and compressibility US are feasible and safe methods for characterizing and monitoring cephalic veins in dogs with clinical phlebitis.