低氧适应动物喜马拉雅旱獭的组织学观察

对生活在青藏高原（海拔３２００－３４００m）喜马拉雅旱獭的肝脏、肺、肾、卵巢、甲状腺等器官结构进行了组织学观察。     

家蚕中肠酸性磷酸酶细胞化学的研究

应用超微结构酶细胞化学技术研究了家蚕幼虫中肠ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性的亚细胞分布,结果表明ＡＣＰａｓｅ 主要分布在圆筒形细胞的细胞核内,核周围的内质网及溶酶体中,杯形细胞的细胞核、细胞底部的内褶膜上也有少量的酶活性存在。不同数量性状的蚕品种间圆筒形细胞细胞核内的ＡＣＰａｓｅ 活性分布有显著差异。     

高温应激诱导奶牛乳腺细胞生长周期阻滞

实验通过台盼蓝染色、MTT、细胞流式等方法研究高温(40℃/41℃)对乳腺细胞活性、细胞周期及凋亡的影响。结果表明,高温可以抑制乳腺细胞的增殖,使细胞产生S、G2期阻滞,诱导乳腺细胞凋亡,并随高温强度的增加而作用增强。试验提示高温可诱导乳腺细胞周期阻滞,抑制细胞增殖。     

健康奶牛与临床型乳腺炎奶牛乳腺线粒体蛋白组差异表达分析

运用亚细胞蛋白质组学的研究策略,分离纯化亚细胞结构再进行蛋白质组学研究,可提高低丰度蛋白在双向凝胶电泳中的检出率。通过对比分析乳腺炎奶牛乳腺与正常奶牛乳腺线粒体蛋白质组的表达变化,为奶牛乳腺炎的生物学治疗及抗病育种工作筛选出目基因和蛋白。超速离心法分离线粒体,双向凝胶电泳分离蛋白,PDQuest7．4软件分析差异蛋白斑点,高效液相色谱串联离子阱质谱鉴定差异蛋白。从奶牛乳腺线粒体蛋白2-DE图谱中筛选出17个差异表达的蛋白质斑点,质谱鉴定出17个差异表达蛋白（6个蛋白在奶牛乳腺炎发生过程中下调,8个上调,1个只在正常情况下表达,2个只在乳腺炎乳腺组织中表达）。筛选出的差异蛋白质涉及到细胞的能量代谢、蛋白质合成、mRNA的加工成熟及调亡调控等许多方面,表明奶牛乳腺炎发生时乳腺线粒体组织结构和代谢状态都发生了明显的变化。     

Fine-needle biopsy of external ear canal masses in the cat: cytologic results and histologic correlations in 27 cases

BACKGROUND: The cytologic diagnosis of ear canal tumors is difficult or impossible by swab alone because cell exfoliation may be poor and neoplastic cells may be masked by associated inflammation. Fine-needle biopsy (FNB) can be used to obtain a higher yield of cells for diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and diagnostic value of FNB and cytologic examination in providing an accurate diagnosis of masses growing in the external ear canal of cats. METHODS: Cytologic specimens from masses in the external ear canal, taken under inhaled, general anesthesia, were classified into 4 groups: 1) ceruminous gland hyperplasia or adenoma, 2) ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma, 3) inflammatory polyps, and 4) other neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses. Cytopathologic diagnoses were compared with the final histopathologic diagnoses, and indices of diagnostic test accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic-odds ratios) were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty-seven masses (from 25 cats, including 2 cats affected bilaterally) were included in the study. The results showed good correspondence between cytologic and histologic diagnoses with an overall agreement index (kappa) of .74, a diagnostic odds ratio of 22, and 100% (27/27) agreement in the diagnosis of inflammatory polyps versus neoplasia (both benign and malignant). CONCLUSIONS: FNB cytopathology of external ear masses in the cat was sufficiently accurate for distinguishing inflammatory polyps from neoplasia. For differentiation of benign proliferation and malignant neoplasia, however, histopathologic confirmation is recommended.     

Expression of PDGFR-β and Kit in canine anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma using tissue immunohistochemistry

Canine anal sac apocrine gland adenocarcinoma (ASAGAC) is an uncommon but highly invasive and metastatic malignancy. Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that targets several members of the split kinase RTK family. These membrane receptors are important for cell cycling, apoptosis and angiogenesis, all of which can contribute to carcinogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate archived, paraffin-embedded canine ASAGAC and normal canine anal sacs for immunohistochemical detection of Kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β). Two of 77 neoplasms (2.6%) expressed Kit. Fifteen of the neoplasms (19.5%) were positive for PDGFR-β expression. None of the normal canine anal sac epithelium expressed Kit or PDGFR-β. Because of these results, further investigation should be considered to determine the role of RTKs in the clinical course and treatment of canine ASAGAC.     

INTRAARTERIAL INJECTION OF IODINATED CONTRAST MEDIUM FOR CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE EQUINE HEAD

Minimizing the volume of contrast administered for contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the equine head is desirable for reducing costs and risks of adverse reactions, however evidence‐based studies on the effects of varying volumes on image quality are currently lacking. The objective of the current study was to determine whether low‐volume intraarterial administration of contrast medium would result in an equivalent image quality and tissue attenuation vs. high‐volume intravenous bolus administration. A prospective cross‐over experimental design was used in a sample of six horses. After anesthetic induction, the right carotid artery was exposed surgically and catheterized. Four CT scans of the cranium were performed for each horse: baseline, immediately following intraarterial contrast injection, five‐min postinjection (return to baseline) and a final scan after intravenous contrast administration. Soft tissue attenuation in predetermined regions of interest (ROI); and length, width, and height measurements of the pituitary gland were recorded at each time point. Horses were euthanized and measurements of the pituitary gland were repeated postmortem. No adverse reactions to contrast administration were observed. Intraarterial and intravenous administration of contrast medium resulted in significantly greater soft tissue enhancement of some brain ROI's and the pituitary gland vs. baseline values. Pituitary gland measurements made on postcontrast CT images did not differ from those obtained during postmortem examination. Findings indicated that low‐dose intraarterial administration of contrast material in the equine head resulted in comparable soft tissue enhancement vs. high volume intravenous administration.     

半胱胺促进奶山羊乳腺发育的试验研究

为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验。结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现,血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高。     

Mastitis caused by Mycobacterium kansasii infection in a dog

A 2‐year, 7‐month‐old female Chihuahua was admitted for a mammary mass measuring one cm in diameter. The dog had a history of demodicosis for 4 months and showed signs of pseudopregnancy at the time of the visit. Cytologic examination of an aspirate of the mass revealed a large number of macrophages containing nonstaining bacterial rods, which were acid‐fast in a Ziehl–Neelsen stain, suggesting mycobacterial infection. Histologic examination of the mass revealed a pyogranulomatous mastitis characterized by an infiltration with macrophages containing acid‐fast bacteria. Mycobacterium kansasii was subsequently cultured and identified by PCR. Surgical excision of the mass resulted in the growth of other dermal masses, but antimycobacterial treatment with rifampin and clarithromycin resolved these masses within 1 month. Three months after discontinuation of the treatment, similar organisms were found in aspirates of the enlarged bilateral inguinal lymph nodes by cytologic examination. Despite antimycobacterial treatment for another 4 months, there was no improvement and demodicosis also recurred. The dog eventually died of lymphoma 5 months after the relapse of mycobacterial infection. Although M kansasii is considered an important pathogen for pulmonary and cutaneous disease in people, there is only one report in a dog with an infection in a pleural effusion. As both adult‐onset demodicosis in dogs as well as mycobacterial infection in people have been associated with T‐lymphocyte deficiency, the M kansasii infection in this dog may have been associated with a condition of immune compromise.