黄河大柳树灌区土壤类型特征与合理开发途径

该文分析了黄河大柳树灌区土壤类型形成条件与分布格局和主要土壤类型的基本特征,在此基础上结合发展灌溉农业对土壤条件的要求,提出土壤资源合理利用与发展灌溉农业的有关问题。     

The loss of genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus,Dumeril) as revealed by DNA fingerprinting

• 1. Dabry's sturgeon, a large, long‐lived migratory fish is endemic to the Yangtze River. Over‐fishing and habitat destruction have caused large‐scale declines in natural stocks in the last two decades.
• 2. Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans for endangered species. DNA fingerprinting was applied to detect genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon collected in 1958–1959, 1980–1981 and 1998–1999.
• 3. Studies on direct genetic parameters (genetic variability, hypervariable loci and heterozygosity) and indirect parameters (band‐sharing coefficient and allelic frequency) showed that the continuous decline in wild populations has caused the loss of genetic diversity in present‐day sturgeon.
• 4. The present‐day populations have the lowest genetic variability; thus, effective management is needed to preserve genetic diversity.
• 5. A conservation strategy is urgently required, comprising artificial rearing facilities coupled with breeding management plans.

Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术

对沿江农区山羊羔高效育肥技术进行了研究,旨在探讨羊高效生产配套技术体系建设,为农区山羊产业化发展服务。研究表明,利用良种羔羊,采用高架养羊方式,饲喂优质饲草饲料,同时适当补饲精料,定期驱虫加强防疫,保证育肥山羊羔全程健康发育,能取得高效育肥效果和良好经济效益。     

青藏高原江河源区退化草地人工改良措施对高原鼠兔种群动态影响

通过对江河源区退化草地采取建植人工和半人工草地的措施进行改良,以影响害鼠(高原鼠兔)种群,达到防治鼠害的目的。     

塔里木河流域水资源利用面临的主要问题

塔里木河流域由水引起的生态恶化,在我国内陆河流中具有代表性.研究表明:塔里木河流域近40 a源流来水量呈增加趋势,特别是近10 a增加更为明显.说明随着全球气候的变化,塔里木河源流区的水情得到好转.但在近10 a源流补给干流的水量增加不足1×108 m3/a, 特别是干流沿程各站点的径流量仍呈显著的线性递减趋势,表明塔里木河源流连续10 a的丰水期,并没有改变干流环境恶化的局面.在此基础上,总结塔里木河流域水资源利用存在的主要问题,并提出塔里木河流域水资源可持续利用的基本对策.     

黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征

本文以月降水距平为指标,根据黄河流域典型台站４０年的降水资料,对黄河流域旱涝灾害的时空分布特征进行了分析,并进行了区域划分。     

新疆塔里木河变迁与水资源

本文论述了自然和人类活动所造成的塔里木河干流水资源的变化及其对生态环境的影响,针对生态环境日益恶化的现状,提出了防治、对策。     

北洛河流域植被恢复的支撑体系

北洛河流域自实行退耕还林政策以来取得了显著成效,但是实践证明植被恢复不是简单的种树种草,必须要根据生态学原则合理种植,既要有技术支撑,还必须考虑到退耕后农民的生存问题,也就是粮食与能源的问题,并要保证农民有一定的经济收入,最后指出要解决好以上问题,必须靠国家政策的支撑。     

金华江流域生态服务补偿的利益相关者分析

从影响程度、积极性、参与性、权力4个方面，对金华江流域生态服务补偿的利益相关者进行剖析。结果表明：核心利益相关者多属于弱势群体，他们的利益突出，却无决策和管理权，政府部门具有最大的决策权，在目前流域生态补偿过程中发挥重要作用；在此基础上，提出建立流域管理联席协会，促进利益激励机制的形成和多层反馈互动渠道的畅通，明晰上下游水权和生态补偿的责任义务关系，构建可操作的管理规则和立法、改革干部考核制度、扶植和培育流域的生态补偿市场等政策建议。     

Movement patterns of armado, Pterodoras granulosus, in the Paraná River Basin

Abstract –  We studied the migratory behaviour of armado, Pterodoras granulosus , in the Paraná River Basin of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina, during 1997–2005. This species invaded the Upper Paraná River after upstream dispersal was facilitated when Itaipu Reservoir inundated a natural barrier. Fish were tagged ( N  = 8051) in the mainstems of the Yacyreta and Itaipu reservoirs, bays of major tributaries, the Paraná River floodplain above Itaipu Reservoir, and below dams. In all, 420 fish were recaptured of which 61% moved away from the release area. Fish moved a maximum of 215 km (mean 42), and at a maximum rate of 9.4 km·day⁻¹ (mean 0.6). Of the 256 armados that moved away from the release site, 145 moved upstream towards unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River and 111 moved downstream into the reservoir and bays of its tributaries (maximum 150 km). Based on the observed migratory movements, we suspect that most of the reproductive output originates in tributaries to the reservoirs. The ability of this species to expand its range presents a conundrum by pitting fishery management interests against conservation needs. Maintenance of the important armado fisheries depends on the ability of the species to migrate freely to use spawning and nursery areas in reservoir tributaries and floodplains. However, its ability to migrate long distances can allow this non-native species the opportunity to invade most of the Upper Paraná River.