Transient diabetes mellitus in a neonatal Thoroughbred foal

Objective – To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of a neonatal foal diagnosed with transient Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Case Summary – A 3‐day‐old Thoroughbred foal presented with a 24‐hour history of diarrhea and depression. Coronavirus particles were observed in the feces via electron microscopy. During hospitalization the foal developed hyperglycemia concomitantly with low insulin concentration and an adequate response to exogenous insulin therapy supported a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The foal required SC insulin for 26 days, but developed complications associated with insulin therapy that resolved with appropriate care. On follow up assessment the foal was found to be a healthy euglycemic animal with normal insulin concentration at 11 months of age. New or Unique Information Provided – To our knowledge this is the first report of Type 1 diabetes in this age group and the first report of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus in horses. Type 1 diabetes mellitus should be considered a differential diagnosis for hyperglycemia in equine neonates and that it can be transient and managed successfully.     

内生真菌感染对高羊茅光合和形态特性的影响

通过对感染和未感染内生真菌Neotyphodium starrii高羊茅植株光合特性和形态变化的测定,研究了内生真菌感染对高羊茅的影响。结果表明:感染内生真菌的高羊茅植株净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(ρWUE)、细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)都高于非感染高羊茅植株,高温下光合性能和抵抗高温的能力都优于非感染高羊茅植株。感染植株和非感染内生真菌植株形态变化表现出一定规律性,感染植株叶片厚,植株高大、叶色深、叶片宽;而非感染植株叶片薄,植株矮、叶色浅、叶片窄。具有良好抗性和适应性的新的草坪草种的选育,可为水资源短缺城市、干旱、半干旱地区及特殊立地条件地区的绿化提供解决问题的新思路。     

马占相思接种根瘤菌对根际微生物及其林下植被生物量的影响

采用前期筛选的6个优良的根瘤菌株接种到马占相思幼苗上,并应用于造林试验。4.5 a后,通过对其林下根际土壤微生物和林下植被生物量的测定,探讨根瘤菌对人工马占相思林根际土壤微生物和林下植被生物量的影响。结果表明:根际土壤微生物的数量总和差异极显著(FF0.01),大小依次为:HM08HM04HJ06HJ07ZG03ZG04CK;林下植被总生物量差异不显著(FF0.05),大小依次为:HM08HM04HJ06ZG04ZG03HJ07CK。2项测定表明:HM08、HM04、HJ06 3个菌株相对较优良,且根际微生物的数量与其林下植被的总生物量和草本生物量表现出显著的线性正相关(P0.05),与木本生物量表现出极显著的线性正相关(P0.01)。     

Comparison between the intestinal microbiome of healthy fish and fish experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) farming is an economic activity that is soaring in the whole world. Septicemia due to Streptococcus agalactiae is the main disease impacting fish farming. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiome of healthy animals and animals experimentally infected with S. agalactiae strain 21171A. The microbiome was established with 16S ribosomal DNA next‐generation sequencing (NGS). One hundred Nile tilapias, with an average weight of 35 g, were distributed into two groups. Fifty fish from the challenged group were orally inoculated with 100 μl of a bacterial solution containing 1.98 × 10³ CFU/ml of S. agalactiae strain 21171A, while 50 controls were orally inoculated with sterile saline. After the experiment, 24 fish from the challenged group and 27 fish from the control group were analysed. For both groups, bacteria attached to the mucosa (M) and present in faeces (F) were analysed. The mean of the number of taxa identified in the infected group (M + F) (45.87 ± 30.13) was lower than in the control (M + F) (67.70 ± 21.10) (p < .01). Nineteen bacterial taxa were more abundant in faecal samples from the infected group when compared with the control group (p < .01). Thirty‐nine taxa were associated with mucosa samples from the challenged group when compared to the control samples (p < .01). No OTU was associated with healthy samples. The results demonstrate that the infection with S. agalactiae reduces the variability of the gut microbiota. Moreover, some bacteria proliferate during the infection.     

基于高通量测序的牡蛎冷藏过程中微生物群落分析

为揭示牡蛎冷藏过程中微生物群落结构的变化规律,采用高通量测序技术对冷藏0、4、8 d牡蛎的菌群进行分析。结果表明高通量测序可以全面反映牡蛎中菌群的物种组成及丰度信息。牡蛎体附着的细菌以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、弧菌目(Vibrionales)为主。在科的分类水平上,主要是弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、希瓦氏菌科(Shewanellaceae)和交替假单胞菌科(Pseudoalteromonadaceae),其中初始样品以Vibrionaceae为主,比例达36.8%;第4天样品Pseudoalteromonadaceae比例相对较高;第8天样品同样以Pseudoalteromonadaceae为主,而Shewanellaceae比例明显增加,达到19.5%。在属的分类水平上,在牡蛎初始菌群中比例前三位依次为弧菌属(Vibrio)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella)和交替假单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas),其中Vibrio在冷藏前期比例迅速下降;Shewanella和Pseudoalteromonas在系统进化关系上较为接近,在冷藏后期比例占优,可能在牡蛎腐败过程中起到重要作用。研究结果可以为牡蛎的贮运保鲜策略提供参考。     

牛奶中兽药残留检测技术的研究进展

近年来,牛奶质量安全问题频发,已严重威胁到公共健康。因此,牛奶质量安全成为国际关注的重点。当牛奶中残留兽药时,会对消费者造成不良的影响。本文从牛奶中兽药检测技术的原理和优缺点出发,对牛奶中兽药残留的检测技术进行了较全面的综述,并对牛奶中兽药残留检测技术在未来的发展方向作了展望。     

"益福"生物饲料的饲用效果

68头50日龄大白猪仔猪,随机平均分为两组(试验组和对照组),采用相同饲料,试验组另加1％的“益福”生物饲料,对照组不加,试验期为60d。结果:①两组猪增重没有明显差异(P>0.05);②试验组每增重1kg比对照组少耗料0.24kg,即饲料转化率提高4.5个百分点;③益福生物饲料可使断奶猪的发病率降低26.3个百分点。     

鲜切猕猴桃在贮藏期间的微生物生长模型

为快速、有效地评估鲜切猕猴桃的货架期和微生物安全性,提供了一个方便有效的方法。研究了在2℃、6℃和20℃下鲜切猕猴桃中细菌的生长趋势和感官质量的变化。采用涂布法测定细菌总数,建立微生物生长模型。结果表明:试验中所建立的Gompertz模型能有效地拟合在不同贮藏温度下鲜切猕猴桃中细菌总数的动态变化,从而能预测不同贮藏温度及时间内鲜切猕猴桃中的细菌总数,快速、有效地评估鲜切猕猴桃的货架期和微生物安全性。鲜切猕猴桃最佳贮藏温度为2℃,当细菌总数≤5×103 cfu/g,鲜切猕猴桃仍保持新鲜状态,无明显的腐败发生。     

Effect of herbal feed additives on performance parameters,intestinal microbiota,intestinal morphology and meat lipid oxidation of broiler chickens

ABSTRACT

1. This feeding trial investigated the effects of herbal feed additives on performance of broiler chickens, jejunal and caecal microbiota, jejunal morphology, meat chemical composition and oxidative stability during refrigerated storage.

2. In a 42 days trial, 320 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 4 replicate pens each containing 20 chicks. The control group was fed maize–soybean-based diets. The diets of the other three groups were supplemented with herbal feed additives: HRB1 with Stresomix^TM (0.5 g/kg feed); HRB2 with Ayucee^TM (1.0 g/kg feed); HRB3 with Salcochek Pro^TM (1.0 g/kg feed). The GC/MS analysis of the feed additives showed that the major components of HRB1 were β-caryophyllene (14.4%) and menthol (9.8%); HRB2 were n-hexadecanoic acid (14.22%) and β-caryophyllene (14.4%); and HRB3 were menthol (69.6%) and clavicol methyl ether (13.9%).

3. Intestinal samples were taken at 42 day to determine bacterial populations (total aerobe counts, Lactobacilli, and Escherichia coli) and perform gut morphology analysis. Meat samples were analysed for chemical composition and oxidative stability under storage.

4. The HRB1 group had improved (P < 0.05) body weight gain and tended to have improved (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) feed conversion ratio, compared to the control group. Jejunum lactic acid bacteria counts were increased (P < 0.001) in groups HRB1 and HRB3, compared to the control group, whereas caecal lactic acid bacteria counts tended to increase (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1, compared to the control group. Breast meat fat content tended to be lower (0.05 ≤ P < 0.10) in group HRB1. Meat oxidative stability was improved (P < 0.001), and jejunum villus height, crypt depth and goblet cells numbers were increased (P < 0.001) in all three herbal supplemented groups, compared to the control.

5. In conclusion, herbal feed additives may be able to improve both growth performance and antioxidant activity of broiler chickens, based on their phenolic compound content.