盐度对中华绒螯蟹繁殖特性及胚胎质量的影响

为探究盐度对中华绒螯蟹亲体繁殖特性及所产胚胎质量的影响,开展了不同盐度(3、6、9、12、15、18、21)下亲体的生殖产卵实验,分析了各盐度下亲体的产卵量、生殖指数和生殖力等繁殖特性及所产胚胎的卵径、重量、生化成分和脂肪酸组成。结果显示：(1)中华绒螯蟹产卵的最低盐度为6,在盐度6～21的范围内,中华绒螯蟹亲本的产卵量、生殖指数和生殖力均表现为先升高后下降的趋势,其中盐度18时,亲本的产卵量、生殖指数和生殖力均最高,且与其他各组都有显著差异。(2)盐度6时胚胎直径最大,平均为(391.13±12.27)μm,显著高于其他各组。盐度12时单个胚胎湿重和干重均最高,分别为(50.64±2.80)μg和(14.85±0.31)μg,且与其他各组均有显著差异。(3)随盐度的增加,中华绒螯蟹胚胎的粗蛋白、总脂肪和水分含量都呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。其中盐度15时,胚胎中粗蛋白、总脂肪和灰分含量均达到最高,平均分别为(20.64%±3.42%)、(8.65%±1.44%)和(1.30%±0.22%)。各盐度下胚胎水分含量无显著差异。胚胎中胆固醇和磷脂含量均随盐度的增加呈现出先上升后下降的变化趋...     

高盐度有机废水处理研究进展

海水直接利用后排放的废水以及制药和染料化工等工业废水，由于含盐量高，单一废水生物处理法具有一定的难度，本文结合高盐度有机废水的特点介绍了生物法与其他工艺组合以及电化学处理法处理此类废水的研究进展。     

Stimulating effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on host searching and infestation efficacy of a parasitoid wasp

Hymenopterous parasitoids play an important role in the control of insect populations. During oviposition, Hymenopterous parasitoids use cues such as odours from their environment to locate their specific host. Leptopilina heterotoma (parasitoid of Drosophila larvae) locate their host by probing the substrate with the ovipositor. This behaviour can be induced by the odour of the host substrate alone. We analysed the sub-lethal effects of chlorpyrifos at LD20 on the probing activity in response to a fruit odour (banana). The insecticide increased the percentage of females spontaneously probing in response to the odour. Parasitoid females were then conditioned to associate banana odour with the oviposition in host larvae. This conditioning enables parasitoids to memorize the odour and to increase their probing response to this odour. During the olfactory conditioning, females exposed to the insecticide found and oviposited in host larvae more quickly than control females. One hour after the olfactory conditioning, females exposed to the insecticide presented a higher increase of their probing response to the odour than controls. Twenty-four hours after conditioning, the stimulation produced by chlorpyrifos was no longer perceptible, but the level of response of conditioned females was still higher than that of non-conditioned females, showing that odour memory was not impaired by the insecticide treatment. These sub-lethal effects, that stimulate host searching by parasitoids without impairing odour memorization, could increase their parasitic efficiency.     

Isolation and culture of the marine rotifer, Colurella dicentra (Gosse, 1887), from a Mississippi Gulf Coast estuary

Few marine rotifer species (e.g. Encentrum linheii and Synchaeta cecilia) have been cultured successfully besides Brachionus plicatilis and B. rotundiformis, commonly used to rear larvae of many marine fish species. The development of culture techniques for marine rotifers smaller in size than the Brachionus species may be useful for rearing fish species for which the currently used prey are too large. We evaluated the possibility of culturing Colurella dicentra isolated from a Mississippi Gulf Coast estuary. An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity (10–35 g L^?1) on its population growth rate. Rotifers were fed Nannochloropsis oculata at a density of 100 000 cells mL^?1 for 15 days. Colurella dicentra survived in water with a salinity of 10–47 g L^?1. Densities of up to 300 rotifers mL^?1 were sometimes attained in cultures. Salinity influenced C. dicentra production (P<0.001). The mean rotifer numbers at 10 g L^?1 (22 840±2604 SD), 15 g L^?1 (25 980±7071 SD) and 20 g L^?1 (19 780±1029 SD) at the end of the experiment were similar (P>0.05), but were higher (P=0.05) than numbers at 25 g L^?1 (4240±1783), 30 g L^?1 (1300±264 SD) and 35 g L^?1 (100±101 SD). The population growth rate (r) of the rotifers was the highest at 15 g L^?1 (0.37–0.42 day^?1), and the lowest at 35 g L^?1 (?0.33–0.06 day^?1). This is the first report of C. dicentra in the estuarine waters of the Gulf of Mexico, and also the first time it has been cultured successfully.     

绿洲土壤表层含盐量空间变异分析的插值方法研究

为了比较土壤表层含盐量空间变异性研究的各种空间插值方法的优劣,以渭库绿洲为例,运用基于ArcGIS的4种空间插值方法（反距离加权、样条函数、克里格、协同克里格空间插值方法）,分析了土壤表层含盐量的空间变异性。并通过分析各个交叉检验统计量来验证评估数据的误差,从而选取最优的空间插值方法。结果表明:4种插值方法的插值结果基本能反映含盐量的空间分布特征,简单克里格法更适合绿洲表层土壤含盐量的空间插值;通过空间插值可以发现表层土壤含盐量呈现出东南高、西北低的态势。对渭库绿洲土壤盐分空间分布特征及空间变异进行了解,有利于土壤盐渍化的快速诊断,是盐渍化土壤治理和改良的重要基础。     

氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究

用通常的生物毒性试验方法进行了氨氮和亚硝氨氮对体长5cm南美白对虾的急性毒性试验。在海水pH8.15、水温T＝27℃、盐度S＝20．0‰条件下，求得了两种物质对南美白对虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半死浓度，提出总氨氮和非离子氨氮对南美白对虾的安全浓度分别为2．667mg/L和0．201mg/L，亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为5．551mg/L。氨氮对南美白对虾的毒性强于亚硝酸氮，并提出降低氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量的措施。     

一种恢复渠道中线测量的快捷方法

渠道是农田水利建设的一个重要工程，渠道测量在渠道兴、改、扩建中具有重要的地位和作用。仅就施工过程中如何快捷恢复渠道中线的测量方法作了探讨，并对恢复中线的精度作了相应分析。     

Selective Absorption of K over Na in Sugar Beet Cultivars and its Relationship with Yield and Quality in Two Contrasting Environments of Central Greece

Selective absorption (SA) of K over Na (i.e. the preferential absorption of K over Na) has been proposed as a Na tolerance mechanism but genotypic variation for this trait has not been assessed with sugar beet in the field. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the variation of SA in 14 sugar beet cultivars and to relate SA with yield and root quality in two sites of central Greece (Amfithea and Pyrgetos). Genotypic variation for SA was significant and the SA values were higher in Pyrgetos, the site with the lower soil K and Na concentrations. In Pyrgetos, a favourable environment for sugar beet growth, cultivars yielded more and root quality was better. In that site, a negative relationship between SA and yield (fresh root weight, sugar yield) was found indicating that strong Na exclusion from root is a disadvantage for high yielding. Negative SA–yield relationships were evident in Amfithea when five cultivars with very low SA values (<1.00) were excluded from the analysis. Combined all the cultivars, curvilinear functions were the best-fitted curves for the SA–yield relationships. In Amfithea, where sugar beets had lower water content in root (WCR), a significant, positive correlation between SA and % sucrose content in fresh root weight was found. This finding was ascribed to the dilution of sucrose in roots due to the increased WCR as a result of the increased root Na concentration. In both sites, SA was positively related with root K concentration and negatively with Na concentration. The positive correlations between SA and root α-amino N concentration indicated that sugar beet N nutrition could be affected by the genotypic ability to exclude Na from the root.     

Use of an electromagnetic technique to determine sodicity in saline-sodic soils

Soil sodicity is an increasing problem in arid‐land irrigated soils that decreases soil permeability and crop production and increases soil erosion. The first step towards the control of sodic soils is the accurate diagnosis of the severity and spatial extent of the problem. Rapid identification and large‐scale mapping of sodium‐affected land will help to improve sodicity management. We evaluated the effectiveness of electromagnetic induction (EM) measurements in identifying, characterizing and mapping the spatial variability of sodicity in five saline‐sodic agricultural fields in Navarre (Spain). Each field was sampled at three 30‐cm soil depth increments at 10–30 sites for a total of 267 soil samples. The number of Geonics‐EM38 measurements in each field varied between 161 and 558, for a total of 1258 ECa (apparent electrical conductivity) readings. Multiple linear regression models established for each field predicted the average profile ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation extract) from ECa. Despite the lack of a direct causal relationship between ECa and SAR, EM measurements can be satisfactorily used for characterizing the spatial distribution of soil sodicity if ECe and SAR are significantly auto‐correlated. These results provide ancillary support for using EM measurements to indirectly characterize the spatial distribution of saline‐sodic soils. More research is needed to elucidate the usefulness of EM measurements in identifying soil sodicity in a wider range of salt and/or sodium‐affected soils.     

Thrombosis of the median artery and its branches in a gelding: Clinical appearance,diagnosis and surgical management

This case report describes the clinical appearance, diagnosis and surgical management of thrombosis of the median artery and its branches in a gelding. The 4-year-old Danish Warmblood presented with acute severe progressive right front leg lameness, not responding to painkillers. Initial clinical examination including radiographs revealed no significant findings, and a scintigraphic examination showed decreased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the right front toe in comparison to the left limb. The following day, the temperature of the right front leg was significantly decreased, especially in the area distal to the carpus. No pulsation of the digital arteries could be detected. Ultrasonography showed partial thrombosis of the medial digital artery (A. digitalis palmaris medialis). Occlusion of this artery is a sporadic event with impressive clinical signs and might not be directly diagnosed due to it being a rare occurrence. Ultrasound is an excellent technique for diagnosing the presence of thrombosis and can also help delineate the extent. Our case did not respond to the initial treatment with phenylbutazone and acetylsalicylic acid. The ischaemia became even worse, requiring surgical intervention. A similar approach as for the aorta-iliac thrombosis in the hindlimb was undertaken in the front limb, which has not been described previously. The gelding recovered initially. Unfortunately, restenosis occurred and due to a poor prognosis for a second surgery, the gelding was euthanised.